Sari, Hassoun Salah EddineMékideche, MohamedAdda, Salim Khayerdinne2024-02-192024-02-192018-12-312352-99622572-0147http://dspace.univ-oeb.dz:4000/handle/123456789/18468We shall perform with the heterogeneous panel cointegration method and Granger causality to investigate the link among the variables of Human Development Index, per capita primary energy consumption, per capita gross domestic product and per capita dioxide carbon emission for six MENA countries over the period of 1992-2016. We found that the sign of per capita (GDP) was positive for FMOLS estimation and negative for DOLS estimation; meanwhile, the coefficient of per capita primary energy consumption was positive and significant for both models. However, the coefficient of per capita dioxide carbon emission was negative for both models.enheterogeneous panel cointegration procedure; panel Granger causality; Human Development Index; MENA countriesArticle