Induction of cell death and cell cycle arrest in lung cancer cells by Algerian propolis, a promising treatment strategy
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Date
2021-12-13
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
University of Oum El Bouaghi
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide because of inadequate tobacco control policies. Numerous studies are being conducted to develop new chemotherapeutic agents. Propolis or bee glue is a rich source of biologically active compounds, which provide beneficial effects on human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ethanolic extract of propolis originated from Jijel for its anti-proliferative, apoptotic and cell cycle arrest promoting effects on lung adenocarcinoma A549 cancer cell lines and a healthy lung cell line MRC-5. Cell viability, Annexin V-PI apoptosis assay and cell cycle progression were tested to evaluate the anti-proliferative effect of propolis. Caspases 3, 8 and 9 colorimetric assays were conducted to determine the type of apoptotic pathway. Propolis showed anti-proliferative activity on A549 cells with IC50 value of 37.59±2.76 μg/ml in MTT assay. It promoted cell cycle arrest and resulted in accumulation at G0/G1 phase of cancer cells; recording 69.73% and 78.54% at concentrations IC50 and 2IC50μg/ml of propolis for 24 hours. Propolis significantly induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner compared to the untreated control. It induces apoptosis by a factor of 90.79 at 40 μg/ml. It induces also the activity of caspases 3 and 9 without affecting that of caspase 8. The results of this study show that propolis inhibit A549 cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest and stimulate apoptosis intrinsic pathway. Propolis toxicity was evaluated on MRC-5 cells, which are healthy human lung cells. The obtained results clearly show that propolis has no cytotoxic effect on these cells. Thus, propolis exhibits potential therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Keywords
Propolis; Lung cancer; Cell cycle; Apostosis; Caspases