Study of essential oils and phenolic compounds their changes and anticancer activity in some species belonging to Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families
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Date
2019
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Oum-El-Bouaghi
Abstract
Although, there have been large improvements in cancer treatment over the last two decades, the ineffectiveness of most chemotherapeutic drugs is still a major cause of cancer death worldwide. Medicinal plants offer naturally occurring agents that may play an important role in the treatment of cancer by offering unique active drugs or their templates for clinical uses. Cytotoxicity screening of plant extracts from wild species may lead to the discovery of novel agents for cancer therapy.
Five Algerian species belonging Asteraceae family Centaurea sphaerocephala L., Bellis sylvestris L., Asteriscus maritimus (L.) Less. and Artemisia campestris L.) and one belonging Lamiaceae family (Lavandula stoechas L.) have been used.
Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to assess the potential anticancer of the total phenolic compounds (TPC) present in the different parts of each single species (chloroform (ChE) and methanol (MeE) extracts), as well as the yield calculation and the chemical profile of essential oil (EO) and TPC extracted from each organ.
The EO yield results of Asteraceae species showed that leaves and flowers recorded significantly the best yields (0.22 ± 0.25 and 0.20 ± 0.20, respectively), compared by stems (0.07 ± 0.06), whereas, C. sphaerocephala and B. sylvestris recorded significantly the best yields (0.23 ± 0.31 and 0.22 ± 0.23, respectively) compared by Ar. campestris (0.18 ±0.05), while the lowest yield has been registered for A. maritimus (0.02 ±0.02). Also, leaves of L. stoechas recorded significantly the best yields (0.14 ±0.01), compared by flowers and stems (0.07 ± 0.002 and 0.01± 0.003, respectively).
GC-MS analysis of the chemical constituents of the isolated oils mainly revealed the presence of monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes.
In the other hand, TPC results of Asteraceae species showed that leaves of all studied species recorded significantly the best yields in TPC (2.68 ± 2.06), followed by flowers and stems (1.92 ± 1.77 and 1.79 ± 0.82, respectively). Also L. stochas flowers recorded significantly the best yields in TPC (3.47 ± 2.09), followed by leaves (2.50 ± 0.26) while stems required the lowest yield (1.34 ± 1.12). In addition, MeEs recorded significantly the best yields compared by ChEs (3.09 ±1.84 and 1.17 ±0.56, respectively in Asteraceae species) and (3.45 ±1.47 and 1.43 ±0.91, respectively in Lamiaceae species).
Further, GC-MS analysis after derivatization of the ChE of each plant organ was performed and the cytotoxicity of ChEs and MeEs were evaluated by SRB essay on ovarian cancer (OC) cell lines (OVCAR-4, FOUV-1 and COV-362), human normal epithelial cells (HOE) and carboplatin (CBPT) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively.
Compared to HOE and CBPT, results demonstrated the following conclusion, leaves and flowers's ChEs also stems's MeE of C. sphaerocephala L. showed somewhat greater potencies for the COV-362 cancer cells. Moreover, stems's ChE has been found to be significantly active against FOUV-1. Stems's MeE of B. sylvestris has been significantly found to be active against FOUV-1. Contrary, no extract of A. maritimus have been found to be active against OVCAR-4 and FOUV-1. However, Ar. campestris's MeE of stems were found to be active against both OVCAR-4 and FOUV-1. Stems and flowers's MeEs of L. stoechas have been found significantly to be active against OVCAR-4.
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Keywords
Asteraceae, Essential oil, Lamiaceae