Evaluation of the effectiveness of Algerian propolis in the treatment of urinary tract infections
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Date
2024
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Université d'Oum El Bouaghi
Abstract
Cette etude visait a etudier l'efficacite pharmaceutique de la propolis algerienne collectee a partir de differentes localites de l'Est algerienne contre des uropathogenes multi-resistants isoles des femmes atteintes d'infections urinaires recidivantes. A cet egard, la propolis a ete examinee pour sa capacite a inhiber plusieurs facteurs d'uro-virulence adoptes par des uropathogenes multi-resistants tels que la resistance bacterienne, l'urease, formation de biofilm et le quorum sensing (QS). En outre, les proprietes antioxydants de la propolis etudies ont ete realises pour but d feleminer l feffets negative des radicaux libres, en plus le profile chimique a ete analyse pour determiner les principaux composants active responsables d factivite precedentes. Les resultats de la teneur chimique des extraits de propolis ont revele une teneur polyphenolique variable, la quantification de la teneur phenolique totale variait de 111.54 } 4.49 a 1117.23 } 2.03 ƒÊg GAE/mg E, tandis que la teneur totale en flavonoides etait comprise entre 96.45 } 1.76-321.31 } 4.86 (ƒÊg QE/mg E). L'analyse chromatographique par HPLC-DAD a permis d'identifier 19 composes dans les differents extraits etudies. L facide cafeique etait le compose phenolique hautement detecte dans l'extrait de PTBL avec une valeur de 20 mg/ml. Le cynarin a ete detecte dans tous les extraits, ce compose a ete detecte pour la premier fois dans la propolis algerienne. De plus, tous les extraits testes ont presente une activite antiradicalaire potentielle dans tous les tests antioxydants employes, cependant, l'activite antioxydante la plus forte a ete revelee pour l'extrait PTBL presentent une activite chelatrice la plus elevee dans toutes les approches utilisees. L fetude de l factivite antimicrobienne vis-a-vis des bacterie urinaires multi-resistantes a montres que les extraits de propolis possedent un pouvoir d finhibition variable avec une forte capacite d finhibition contre les Gram-positive, en particulier S. aureus multi-resistantes. Les resultats de microdilution ont montre que la sensibilite des bacteries a la propolis variait selon la propolis et les souches testees. Les valeurs de CMI variaient generalement entre 0.625 et 20 mg/ml. Alors que les valeurs de MBC variaient de 2.5 a 20 mg/ml. De plus, l fetude de l factivite antibiofilm a montre que la propolis possede une capacite inhibitrice importante sur la prevention de formation de biofilm chez les uropathogens multi-resistantes fortement productrice de biofilm. L'extrait PSH presentait le pourcentage d'inhibition le plus eleve sur S. aureus (MDR3), et l'eradication du biofilm a atteint 70 %. D'autre part, l'activite anti-QS a montre que tous les extraits de propolis demontraient une diminution substantielle de la production de violaceine chez Chromobacteriem violaceum 12475. Les extraits PSH, PTBL, PTAK, et PACH presentaient l'activite la plus elevee avec une inhibition complete de la violaceine (100 %). De plus, l finhibition de la communication microbienne (QS) a l faide du CV026 a montre une capacite moderee, voire nulle. Tous les extraits se sont reveles inactifs contre l furease, a l fexception des extraits PACH et PTBL. L'activite la plus elevee a ete detecte par l'extrait de PACH avec une IC50 de 1.08 } 0.37 ƒÊg/ml qui etait plus fortement active par rapport aux standards utilises Thioure (11.57 } 0.68 ƒÊg/ml). La determination de l'activite anti-inflammatoire a montre que les differents extraits exercaient un puissant effet preventif sur la denaturation thermique de l'albumine. De plus, l feffet cytotoxique contre les larves d fartemias a demontre que les extraits de propolis presentaient une toxicite distinctive. Ces resultats indiquent que la propolis est un agent approprie, capable de lutter contre les uropathogenes multi-resistantes. Par consequent, il peut etre utilise comme agent therapeutique prometteur pour prevenir les infections urinaires recidivantes. En plus, il peut etre une alternative dans le traitement de nombreuses maladies provoque par les radicaux libres.
This study sought to investigate the pharmaceutical efficiency of propolis collected from different Algerian eastern localities against multi-drug resistant (MDR) uropathogens isolated from womens suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI). In this regard, propolis was examined for its capacity to inhibit several uro-virulence factors of MDR uropathogens such as bacterial resistance, urease, biofilm, and quorum sensing (QS). Furthermore, antioxidant properties were discovered to investigate the possible limitation of free radicals f harmful effects, as well as chemical profile investigations to determine the primary components responsible for the latter activities. The results of the chemical content of propolis extracts revealed variable polyphenolic content, the quantification of total phenolic content ranged from 111.54 }4.49 to 1117.23 } 2.03 ƒÊg GAE/mg E, while total flavonoid content was within the range of 96.45 }1.76 to 321.31 }4.86 (ƒÊg QE/mg E). The phenolic profile using HPLC-DAD analyses revealed the presence of 19 different compounds among the different studied extracts caffeic acid was the highly detected compound in PTBL extract with a value of 20mg/ml. Interestingly, cynarin was detected in all extracts, this compound was not previously identified in Algerian propolis. Furthermore, all the tested extracts displayed potential anti-radical activity in the different antioxidant assays, the strongest antioxidant activity was recorded for the PTBL extract showing the highest scavenging within all the employed approaches. The antibacterial activity of propolis against MDR uropathogens showed varying inhibition potency and the highest activity was recorded against Gram-positive bacteria specifically MDR S. aureus strains. According to the micro-dilution results, the sensitivity of bacteria to propolis varied among the tested strains and the propolis extracts used, the MIC values ranged between 0.625 to 20 mg/ml. Whereas the MBC values ranged from 2.5 to 20 mg/ml. The screening of the antibiofilm activity against high biofilm producers showed a positive capacity in eradicating biofilm formation of different HBP. The highest activity was recorded by PSH extract against S. aureus (MDR3), and biofilm eradication was up to 70%. On the other hand, the anti-QS activity showed that all propolis extracts demonstrated a substantial decrease in violacein production using the model strain Chromobacteriem violaceum 12475. PSH, PTBL, PTAK, and PACH extracts showed the highest activity with complete violacein inhibition at MIC (100%). Furthermore, the inhibition of QS using CV026 showed moderate to no capacity to eliminate QS activity. Moreover, propolis extracts were studied for their enzyme inhibitory effect against urease. All extracts were found not active except for PACH and PTBL extracts. The highest activity was recorded within the PACH extract with an IC50 of 1.08 }0.37ƒÊg/ml which was more strongly active compared to the employed standards Thiourea (11.57 }0.68ƒÊg/ml). The finding of the anti-inflammatory activity showed that different extracts exerted a potent preventive effect on thermally ]albumin denaturation in a dose ]dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect against brine shrimp larvae demonstrated that propolis extracts showed distinctive toxicity (moderate to high toxicity).
Overall, these findings indicate that propolis is a suitable agent that is capable of countering MDR uropathogens. Therefore, it can be used as a promising therapeutic agent to prevent recurrent UTIs. With that being said, we believe that the supplementation of propolis as a therapeutical agent is mandatory in rUTI patients.
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Keywords
Antibiofilm; Antioxidant; Multi Resistantes; Anti Quorum Sensing