النظام القانوني للطفولة المسعفة

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Date
2019
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جامعة أم البواقي
Abstract
توافقا مع ما ورد في اتفاقية الطفل لسنة 1989م، فيما يتعلق بالحد الأقصى للطفولة وهو (18) عاما، تم تعديل التشريعات الداخلية، بل ومحاولة إسباغ حماية كافية للطفولة المسعفة، بسبب قصورها وعجزها، والمتمثلة في اليتامى واللقطاء والمهملين المتخلى عنهم، فكفلت للطفل المسعف الحق في الحياة، والحق في الحضانة، والحق في التربية الدينية، والحق في النسب، لمن كان نسبه معلوما، أما مجهول النسب فهناك قصور بيّن، رغم محاولات استدراك الوضع من خلال توجه القضاء إلى اللجوء لاستخدام الوسائل العلمية في مسائل إثبات النسب، وكلها حقوق تحفظ الكيان المعنوي للطفل المحروم، إلى جانب الحقوق المادية التي توفر له الحياة الكريمة، كحق النفقة وثبوت حق الميراث للطفل المولود خارج إطار الزواج من أمه. ولأن تمكين الطفل المسعف من هويته هو إثبات لوجوده القانوني والسياسي والاجتماعي، مما استدعى من المشرع الجزائري تنظيم أحكام خاصة بحماية هوية الطفل، بتوافر عناصر هي: الاسم واللقب وتاريخ الميلاد والجنسية ومحل الإقامة، ولهذه العناصر وثائق تثبتها، وتتمثل في الدفتر العائلي وبطاقة التعريف الوطني وجواز السفر ووثيقتي الميلاد والزواج، وكل ذلك منظم وموزع أحكامه بين قانون الحالة المدنية وقانون الأسرة، وقانون الجنسية والقانون الجنائي، بل لقد ارتقى حق حماية الهوية إلى مصاف الحقوق الدستورية، وفي ذلك استجابة لما دعت إليه مختلف الاتفاقيات الدولية ذات الصلة بحقوق الطفل According to the 1989 convention of the rights of the child with particular regard to the maximum age of childhood which under domestic legislation is 18 years and below. Not only has this legislation been amended, attempts to provide adequate protection against child abuse have also been made. These amendments were made due to the shortcomings children encountered in their daily lives. These amendments therefore provided children with certain rights such as the right of custody, the right of religious education and the rights of lineage for those of known one. It can however be noted that, not all children know their lineage. It can however be noted that, attempts to remedy this situation have been made. In an attempt to prove the lineage of a child, the judicial system has put up certain methods of knowing the lineage of a person. Scientific means are the most common means used in an attempt to prove the lineage of a child. These efforts contribute in conserving the moral entity of a child who is deprived. Besides that, these efforts also help to provide the child with materialistic rights which in the long run provide him/her with a decent life with regard to the right of sustenance and the right of inheritance from the mother side to a child born out of wedlock. In an endeavour of enabling the child to become aware of his/her legal status, the Algerian legislator was required to develop special regulations which would help see to that. With regard to the production of a child's identity, certain measures were put in place; the child's name, surname, date of birth, nationality and place of residence. All these components have documents to support them. The components which support the latter are as follows; Family book, national identity card, passport, birth and marriage certificates. All of which are regulated and distributed between the civil status laws, the Family Code, the Nationality Laws and the Criminal Code. The right of protection of identity has also risen to the level of constitutional rights in response to the various international rights of child's convention. Since the principle of '' the best interest of the child '' is the cornerstone of the protection of the child's rights, which were exclusively adopted by the Child's convention of 1989, the participant countries have endeavored with all their efforts to replace families of children who are deprived of family care and to provide them with formal care through the establishment of institutions that receive orphans and children who are victims of childbearing outside of marriage. Also seeking to maintain informal care by integrating these children into foster families under the sponsorship or adoption systems followed by guidelines on the proper applications of alternative care under the auspices of the United Nations General assembly. All with the support of civil society which has been supporting the two approaches and a move to provide the greatest possible
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Keywords
حقوق الطفل, القانون الداخلي, الطفولة المسعفة
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