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Item Untangling traumatic memories and tracing the path to healing in yaa gyasi’s homegoing 2016(University of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2024) Abed, Amira Khouloud; Aaid, Salah EddineIn Homegoing (2016), Yaa Gyasi explores the intergenerational impact of the slave trade, slavery and colonialism on a Ghanaian family. The present study examines the traumatic experiences that each character has endured starting from the life path of two half-sisters Effia and Esi in the late 18th century. It demonstrates how trauma becomes an ancestral legacy and burden that is transmitted to the descendants in the course of two centuries. By drawing on the insights from Cathy Caruth in trauma studies and psychoanalytic theory, mainly the use of Freudian and Post-Freudian paradigms, writing fiction is considered therapeutic and it provides a space for the reconciliation of traumatic memories through confrontation, admission, and the liberation of the repressed material within the African psyche. It also unveils the symbolic tapestry that the novel showcases to articulate intergenerational trauma, healing and confronting the taboo subject of African complicity in the transatlantic slave trade.Item Feedback and assessment in the algérian primary school EFL class(University of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2024) Merah, Belkis; Belaidi, Roumaissa; Bouchene, SihamAlgéria shifted to this language as a second foreign language alongside French which was already taught and it started to teach it even in primary schools in the academic year of 2022. Young learners require specific guidance in their language acquisition process. Therefore, teachers’ feedback and assessment strategies are crucial componentsand cornerstones in shaping a positive and effective educational journey for those young learners.This study aims to excavate the assessment and feedback used by EFL teachers in this context, emphasizing the importance of teachers’ awareness and competencies in managing the dual-language challenge to enhance student learning outcomes. To conduct this study a qualitative expository method was applied in which an observation was made in four primary schools with four teachers and a questionnaire was given to them after assisting twenty sessions and making observation the questionnaire was based on the results of the observation that was explored. Based on the data gathered teachers were using both feedback and assessment without a conscious awareness of their significance, the results showed that teachers were familiar with these concepts but without a detailed comprehension, but teachers still using it and trying to improve the pupils’ level of understanding aiming for better results through identifying areas for improvement and raising awareness among teachers especially because teachers in this context are considered novice and inexperienced. For that reason, providing them with feedback and assessment strategies may give positive outcomes.Item Examining academic oral communication difficulties and speaking proficiency(University of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2024) Gaouas, Hadil; Ounis, Ghada; Belghoul, HassinaDeveloping effective oral communication skills in English as a foreign language (EFL) is prioritised by many learners as it allows them to express themselves and succeed academically. However, students often encounter various difficulties that hinder their speaking proficiency. This quantitative study aims to investigate the most prevalent oral communication difficulties faced by Algerian EFL students and their perceived impact on speaking proficiency. Furthermore, it seeks to evaluate students' perceptions of the effectiveness of different strategies and techniques for improving oral communication skills. The study used a structured online questionnaire administered to a random sample of 60 second-year students from the LMD program at L'arbi ben M'hidi University. The research questions focused on quantifying the most common oral communication difficulties reported by students, their relative frequencies or rankings, and the perceived effectiveness of various strategies and techniques for enhancing speaking proficiency. The results showed that most second year students actually face linguistic and psychological difficulties while speaking English. The majority of them suffer from lack of grammar and vocabulary, poor pronunciation, in addition to anxiety, shyness and lack of self-confidence without forgetting the interference of the mother tongue. We found that these difficulties have a huge impact on students’ speaking proficiency. Solutions to overcome These difficulties were suggested. The findings of the study are valuable for Future research and highlight the importance of Technology and classroom strategies in Developing speaking skills.Item America's stance toward the Ukraine-Russia war(University of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2024) Fedjekhi, Kamar; Ghennam, FatmaThis dissertation dissects the intricate relationship between the United Nations, international law and America's stand towards the Ukraine-Russia War. While recognizing the UN's essential function in fostering global stability, peace and order, the dissertation argues that its effectiveness is hampered by structural barriers and the geopolitical interests and calculations of powerful countries, specifically the USA. The dissertation highlights the importance of international law as a cornerstone of the UN Charter and examines the implementation of international regulations, emphasizing the significance of nations' compliance, diplomatic engagement, and international cooperation. This dissertation scrutinizes the responses of both the UN and the USA to the crisis and critically analyzes the constraints of the UN's reaction, specifically the limitations posed via the veto held by the Security Council members mainly the USA despite its self-proclaimed role as a defender of international law. Accordingly, the dissertation juxtaposes America's military aid and defense to Ukraine with its historical record of interventions and double standards in abiding to international norms and law. Most of all, this dissertation contends that the Ukraine-Russia War serves as a stark reminder of the fragility of the global order and the challenges faced by the United Nations. It underscores the urgent need for a renewed commitment to multilateralism and abidance to universal norms. The dissertation concludes that strengthening the UN's enforcement mechanisms and fostering international law are vital steps toward accomplishing global order, stability and peace.Item Exploring students' views on the challenges faced in learning ESP virtually(University of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2024) Dekdouk, Amani; Doudi, Ibtissam; Azeroual, DjihedTeaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in Algeria has undergone a transformation towards a holistic approach, focusing on practical language skills relevant to professional settings. This shift brings with it challenges such as securing competent instructors, creating current and pertinent curricula, and connecting academic concepts with real-world applications across various industries. However study aims to explore ESP online learning, focusing on the students’ views on the challenges and the difficulties they face. Two key questions guide this research: (1) What challenges and difficulties do ESP learners encounter during online learning? (2) Does online learning fulfill ESP learners’ needs and help them achieve their academic goals? A quantitative research approach is employed to gather and analyze data. A questionnaire was distributed to thirty-eight (38) master two students of economics at Larbi Ben M’hidi University. Preliminary findings indicate that most students prefer traditional classes because current online methods and present numerous challenges like Minimal interaction with instructors and classmates ،insufficient learning materials relevant to your field and unclear assessments or inadequate feedback on assignments. Consequently, the study offers it is recommended for teachers, learners, and university administrators to adopt more effective online methods and strategies to improve online ESP teaching-learning.Item Visual Literacy(University of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2024) Chaibainou, Alaa; Hiouani, Amira SarraThis research is concerned with using visual literacy in second-language teaching. It aims to scrutinize a certain Algerian English language textbook that was a collaborative effort of a group of educators to assess its reliability and effectiveness, in the hope of filling the void and offering a source of instruction for the early stages of education in the Algerian setting. This study was conducted at Al-Aziza Kindergarten, where the textbook was principally used. A qualitative research design, which was employed to collect data, involved the use of semi- structured interviews answered by teachers who used the textbook in the chosen setting. It also predominantly comprised a qualitative corpus analysis of the textbook as the main source of data as it focused on certain elements of it, namely the visuals and the accompanying texts, as well as an autoethnographic position where the researcher reflected on their own experiences as an autoethnographer and a teacher. The data were thematically analyzed with the help of the NVivo software, which organized the results and identified codes that were later transformed into themes. Based on the findings, the textbook has utilized visual learning in a rather novice way by incorporating visuals in the teaching process as part of the tasks although it contained some challenges in using visuals effectively. Not only has it offered a linguistic boost to pre-schoolers, but it also shaped them cognitively and emotionally, as it catered to their different needs and met their cultural identity, proving to be a great resource to help the kids shape their critical thinking and understanding of the real world. Overall, this textbook has proven to be suitable and relatable for use in teaching English in the early stages of education, although it lacks endorsement from the administration for future use.Item A Corpus-based comparative analysis of sentence variety in the général(University of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2024) Attafi, Ikhlass; Zaidi, KhadidjaThe général introduction is the initial part of any written work. It plays a very important role in writing as it captivates the readers’ attention and interest. One of the ways to achieve an effective general introduction is using sentence variety. By using different types of sentences, writers can enhance clarity, expressiveness, and effectiveness. Although sentence variety is considered as an important aspect for writing, students avoid using a variety of sentences for the fear of committing mistakes. In this context, the current study aims to determine if there is a difference in the use of sentence variety in general introductions of Master’s dissertation written by students of Foreign Languages Didactic and Anglo-American Studies, at the Department of English at Larbi Ben M’Hidi University. First, the research sample was selected randomly from the D-space site of Oum El Bouaghi University. It consisted of 40 introductions extracted from dissertations and analyzed manually. Then, the results were input into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for further examinations. After the examination, both of T-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to determine if there was a significant difference in the use of sentences variety across the two groups. The analysis showed that while there was a significant difference in the use of both of complex and compound sentences between the general introductions of master dissertations written by students of Foreign Languages Didactics and Anglo-American Studies, there was no significant difference in the use of both of simple and compound-complex sentences across the two groups. That is, two hypotheses out of four were validated. It was revealed that syntactic complexity varied from one field to another, and the field of Anglo-American Studies required the use of complex sentences more than the field of Didactics.Item Adopting the british civil service as a model for the state service reform(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2024) Haddad, Khadidja; Belbel, Rokia; Lamri, AmelThe British Civil Service, a cornerstone of the United Kingdom's governmental apparatus, offers an investigation of the core characteristics that distinguish the British Civil Service, including its firm and consistent principles of permanence and political neutrality. Furthermore, , this study gave special consideration to departmental structure, efficient project delivery process , and dedication to maintaining to the highest ethical standards within the British Civil Service. Therefore, this study establishes a foundation for analysing the potential adoption of the British Civil Service model within Ukraine’s continuous reform process on civil service system. It explores the Civil Service in Ukraine, outlining its development and current state. The research highlights the importance of transparency, political impartiality, and professional development in Ukrainian civil service active reform pursuits. Initially, this research aimed to highlights the potential value of international expertise, particularly from the well-established British Civil Service model, as a tool to accelerate Ukraine's civil service reforms. The concluding section of this study acknowledges the critical role played by a well-functioning Civil Service in fostering both effective governance and successful post-war reconstruction (reform). Following this line of reasoning, an effective civil service apparatus creates a successful environment for a country to rebuild itself over time. Based on a descriptive and interpretative analysis, it can be concluded that the British Civil Service is a great example of this, and their methods of conduct is a valuable guide for Ukraine's reforms.Item Investigating EFL teachers’ attitudes towards the use of online teaching platforms(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2024) Belouettar, Sami; Benhamlaoui, LamineAfter the COVID-19 pandemic, there was the shift from classroom learning to online learning which may affect negatively or positively teachers during their instructional process. The present study seeks to investigate the attitudes of EFL Teachers’ towards the use of online and digital learning platforms at L’Arbi Ben Mhidi University of Oum El Bouaghi in order to scope for the challenges that EFL teachers encounter during the teaching process . Also, Teachers who are used to online teaching and have better technology skills develop positive attitudes towards online learning. In order to achieve the aims of this descriptive study, a questionnaire was designed and submitted online to EFL teachers at the department of English. It exposed that EFL teachers are aware of the advantages of online teaching making it more beneficial. However, other EFL teachers prefer the traditional in-class teaching because of the inconveniences and challenges they encounter when teaching online, due to lack of technology training workshops, as well as the technical problems they face. Some pedagogical recommendations are suggested to pave the way for a better implementation of online teaching process such as raising awareness of the importance of teaching via online tools. Institutions can better support teachers in integrating digital tools, ultimately enhancing the quality, effectiveness of EFL instruction, and investing in training.Item Globalization and americanization coca-cola's dual role in promoting(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2024) Zeghoud, Meriem; Boudjelit, AminaGlobalization has become a defining feature of the modern world, influencing various aspects of social, economic, and cultural life. As multinational corporations expand their reach, their marketing strategies offer a unique lens through which to examine the interplay between global and local influences. This research aims at exploring the impacts of globalization in relation to the Americanization process through analyzing Coca-Cola’s global marketing strategies. The study focuses on the key question of how globalization that has resulted from the expansion in the technology of information and communication makes Multinational Corporations such as Coca-Cola shape both the global and local markets. Precisely, the research deals with the transformation of Coca Cola Company from the implementation of the global advertisement strategy to the glocalization strategy that is the combination of the global and the local strategies. This shift shows the difficulty and management of being worldwide and embodying the international culture while incorporating the domestic culture. Some major factors to take into consideration include the way Coca-Cola associates their product with American culture, how they attempt to blend American cultural icons with local palates, and the effects of these actions on the local people’s culture. Based on historical and analytical approach, this work offers some theoretical concepts and case-studies of American cultural impact and localization. The findings make contributions to our understanding of the processes of globalization and Americanization in marketing, showing Coca-Cola's capacity to negotiate and shape global consumer culture while respecting local cultural diversity, implying that the consumption of Coca-Cola is associated with signification global culture retention of cultural difference.Item The Use of alI writing tools to enhance learners’ writing proficiency(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2024) Lamri, Redhouane; Senoussi, NadjetRecent advances in artificial intelligence have revolutionized education, particularly in enhancing writing skills. This research is aimed at going into the perceptions and attitudes of EFL learners towards using AI writing tools, especially the Grammarly software. Both quantitative and qualitative data were used; the quantitative data were collected using questionnaires, while the qualitative assessment used interviews conducted with respondents from the English department of Larbi Ben M’hidi University. The findings revealed a high awareness of using AI tools, among EFL learners and also unveiled realities about its relatively frequent application by students in fulfilling their daily academic writing tasks. In this aspect, most informants showed positive attitudes towards the applications of technology in learning language and considered AI to be beneficial in improving both their language learning and writing skills. Students also acknowledged having challenges in pre-writing, planning, drafting stages. Thus, they considered using tools like ‘Grammarly’ important in coping with such challenges. On the other hand, the interviews helped a lot in investigating learners’ perceptions about the adopted AI tools as they pinpointed their usefulness in enhancing their grammatical and vocabulary knowledge, spelling, and effective use of vocabulary. Therefore, the study additionally demonstrated that AI writing tools play a pivotal role in improving students ‘writing skills and, consequently, should be implemented into the educational scene under university experts’ supervision to secure privacy, decrease passivity and eliminate students’ total reliance on AI tools.Item Exploring the teaching strategies utilized by EFL teachers to develop university students’ higher-order thinking skills(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2024) Zerniz, Roufeida; Boudriaa, Dorsaf Nora; Bouchene, SihamWhile the 21st century offers opportunities to create borderless experiences of learning and working with people across the globe, it suggests skills that students critically need to succeed in facing the increasingly interconnected and complex world. Integrating those skills into the curriculum has been the strategic action taken by most countries worldwide. In this learning model, students are engaged in higher-order thinking skills that involve analyzing, evaluating, and creating. The research aims to explore the teaching strategies EFL teachers utilize to cultivate university students’ higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) and address teachers' perceptions of, and attitudes towards HOTS. This study adopts a qualitative approach. The primary data collection techniques employed are classroom observation and semi-structured interviews. The interview was conducted with five EFL teachers to gain insights into how familiar they are with the concept of HOTS and their perspectives, experiences, and practices about HOTS development. Additionally, classroom observation was conducted to observe the teaching practices of the selected teachers. The observation focuses on identifying whether and how the teachers employ teaching strategies that promote HOTS among students. The study's findings indicate a notable level of awareness among teachers regarding HOTS. Teachers demonstrate the implementation of teaching strategies aimed at fostering students' HOTS. However, they are unaware that these strategies are directly linked to HOTS and contribute significantly to its growth. To conclude, the importance of raising awareness about the development of HOTS is signaled and the benefits of integrating HOTS development into teaching practices is highly recommended.Item Deconstructing allegory and symbolism in fantasy short stories and their film adaptations(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2024) Yousfi, Khir-eddine ; Bouchagra, Reda“RIP Van Winkle’’ or RVW is a fantasy piece of literature written by Irving Washington, the father of the American literature, among a collection of short stories as “Sleepy Hollow”, “The Broken Heart”, “A Royal Poet”, shortly known as “The sketch book”. Irving Washington has gifted the bibliophile with narrated tales, full of allegory & symbolism that still question the cultural consciousness and sound across generation especially those interested in American literature. His timeless and valuable “RVW” overcomes the unrevealed limits of pure storytelling that invites the readers to discover several complicate layers of meaning. These precious literary iconic have resisted time & been adapted into cinematic, theatre and cartoon versions. This dissertation aims to explore the interplay between allegory, symbolism, and deconstructionism in Washington Irvin’s written works and their cinematic adaptations. By applying the Deconstructionism theory, we aim to show how allegorical & symbolic elements in Irvin Washington’s literature are interpreted, transformed, or eventually re-contextualized when repositioned from the written to the visual form as showed through F.F Coppola directorial vision. Allegory & symbolism can enrich the text with multiple meanings, which are more extended with deconstruction because the writer, reader, director & cinephile may interpret the word or the scene differently from the author. Through this analysis, our objective is to reveal some implicit nuances expressed into Washington Irving's “RVW” short-story & examine how its cinematic adaptation reshape, reinterpret, or maintain the core of his allegorical & symbolic depth within the field of American written and visual storytelling.Item The Use of the interactive metadiscourse markers in dissertations(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2024) Daraf, Warda; Khiari, RimIn the past 10 years the interest of using the Interactive Metadiscourse markers (IMM) in the academic writing has developed , since the writer is responsible to create an interactive bridge and communication between the piece of writing and the readers. Therefore, a suitable language must be used such as Logical connectives, Structural, Announce Goals and Endophoric which are the most important words or phrases that help to organize as well as interpret the information in the text and each one has a specific function. The present study aims to investigate the use of the Interactive Metadiscourse Markers (IMM) in the chapters’ introductions and conclusions of 20 dissertation at Larbi Ben Mhidi University; this research aims also to analyse the presence of all the four types od IMM, as well as, the most common and used type. To conduct this research, a quantitative method is adopted, the sample are the chapters’ Introductions and Conclusions which extracted from 20 dissertations from D-space and Thesis Algerie websites, then analysing the selected sections manually, subsequently by using AntConc program, to meet the aims of the study Hyland model (2005) is used. The results indicate that the frequency of each category differs significantly. Furthermore, the Algerian students tend to overuse the LC more than the SMM and AG; on the other hand, they rarely use EM despite its importance. In addition, more than five dissertations lack chapters’ conclusions because they underestimate its significance and this have a negative impact on their academic writing.Item Investigating teachers' assessment criteria for effective presentations in second and third year oral expression courses(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2024) Toureche, Kenza; Kehareche, Aya; Chaira, FaridIn the dynamic landscape of Algerian Higher Education, effective oral presentations are often believed to be a valued component of foreign language learning skills. Thus, second and third year teachers of oral expression in different Algerian higher education focus on enhancing the professional and academic success of their students’ oral presentations. As a result, students find it challenging to develop their oral presentations proficiency due to the lack for effective teaching methods applied by educators. In order to help EFL students to achieve an effective oral presentation, teachers are required to use creative assessment methods and techniques. For this reason, the present study aims at investigating Oum El Bouaghi University Oral expression teachers in their assessment criteria for effective oral presentations within the oral expression courses at the English language department. In order to reach such aim, a quantitative research design was employed through forming a questionnaire that consists of both types of questions; close-ended to gather numerical data that would be analysed statistically, and open-ended questions that serve to collect data regarding experience and perceptions, that was conducted with 15 teachers of Oral Expression at Larbi Ben M’hidi University, Oum El Bouaghi, that were chosen conveniently to find out what assessment is based on, and exploring what are teachers assessment goals, methods, strategies, criteria, and challenges they face during the process. After analysing and interpreting the findings, results have indicated that most EFL teachers at the English department- at Oum el Bouaghi University- use a diverse range of methods and strategies based on each student performance to assess and improve EFL learners’ presentation focusing on developing fluency and confidence. Besides, emphasizing the necessity for a learner-cantered approach to ensure accuracy as well as validity in students’ oral skills assessments and encourage personal development and critical thinking. The study provides pedagogical recommendations, suggestions for future research, and highlights the current research’s limitations.Item EFL students' views on the use of chatGPT in their writing assignments(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2024) Tlaidjia, Sarra; Selougui, SoumiaChat GPT is considered as an innovative language model. It has gained significant popularity among university students. The impact of ChatGPT on students’ writing abilities is unclear from their perspective. Their viewpoints play a significant role in assessing the worth of ChatGPT for language learning in terms of its benefits and challenges. This study, therefore, is threefold. First, it aims to investigate EFL students’ views on the use of ChatGPT in their writings. Second, it aims to explore the main benefits of using ChatGPT, in addition to the possible challenges that could face university students when using such an innovative tool. A quantitative method was employed in this study. More specifically, a Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect the data. The questionnaire forms were distributed to 52 third year LMD students. The findings of this study indicated that the majority of EFL students had a positive view regarding the use of ChatGPT in their writings. Also, it was found out that EFL students believed that ChatGPT can be beneficial in terms of improving their abilities in areas like grammar, coherence, and vocabulary. However, they raised concerns about over-reliance on ChatGPT, academic dishonesty, and the negative impact of ChatGPT on their writing skills and critical thinking. Significantly, most of EFL students proposed suggestions for an ethical use of ChatGPT by recommending it as a tool to assist only. This could guide the use of AI tools in educational settings.Item Investigating the Influence of peer feedback on the use of lexical cohesive devices in algérian EFL students' paragraph writing(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2024) Saouli, Rayane; Lekbir, Malak; Bouchene, SihamWriting a coherent and cohesive paragraph is a fundamental skill that requires the adept use of lexical cohesive devices (LCDs). This research examines the influence of peer feedback on the use of lexical cohesive devices (frequency and effectiveness) in Algerian EFL students' paragraph writing. Its main objective is to explore how peer feedback interventions can enhance students' use of LCDs. Accordingly, a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design was adopted. Two groups of first-year Algerian EFL students at Larbi Ben Mhidi University were involved. The experimental group received peer feedback to apply lexical cohesive devices in their writing while the control group followed the usual writing curriculum (no peer feedback). Data was collected through pre-and post-test writing samples from both groups to evaluate how the implementation of peer feedback influences the use of lexical cohesive devices in students’ paragraphs. The study results revealed a significant improvement in the use of LCDs in the experimental group (frequency and effectiveness) compared to the control group. Students who received feedback from peers used LCDs effectively resulting in more coherent paragraphs. Finally, this research suggests that peer feedback interventions should be incorporated into writing instruction to enable students to actively interact with and acquire lexical cohesive devices improving their overall writing skills.Item A Corpus-assisted Cross-linguistic analysis of prepositions misuse in master dissertations' general conclusion section(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2024) Yahi, Rayane; Maamouri, HananeThis study investigates EFL learners’ misuse of prepositions in dissertation writing. Focusing on the "General Conclusions" sections of eighty Dissertations, the study attempts to explore the reasons of prepositional misuse. A corpus consisting of 80 dissertations is compiled. It is divided into two sub-corpora: 40 Didactics dissertations (D-Corpus) and 40 Literature and Civilization dissertations (LC-Corpus) retrieved from the OEB University online repository. Employing a mixed-method approach, the study first utilizes AntConc for quantitative corpus analysis to identify the frequency and types of prepositional errors. Subsequently, a qualitative cross-linguistic analysis is conducted to explore the underlying reasons for the misuses. Results indicate a significant occurrence of prepositional errors in both corpora, with omission, addition, and substitution errors being most prevalent. The analysis reveals that the majority of errors stem from interlingual transfer from Arabic, as well as learner errors in acquiring English prepositional usage. This study sheds light on the challenges faced by Algerian EFL learners in mastering English prepositions and contributes to the understanding of cross-linguistic influences on prepositional usage in academic writing.Item A Feminist reading of ngugi wa thiong'O's the river between(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2024) Madjerali, Rawia; Nezzar, Kanza; Zerrouki, ZinaGender issues are among the most addressed topics in modern and postcolonial literature. Unlike the African male authors who typically portray female characters as background figures depicted from a very masculine standpoint, the famous postcolonial writer Ngugi WaThiong’o has his unique way of portraying women. On this account, this study delves into the multifaceted portrayal of women and the interplay between patriarchy and colonial oppression in Ngugi WaThiong’o’s seminal novel The River Between. To do so, we will emphasize the experiences of the major female characters of the novel; Muthoni, Nyambura, and Miriamu in order to explore the spirit of rebellion which allows them to resist the dual forces of colonial oppression and patriarchy. The aim of this research is to examine the complex relationship between the body, motherhood, cultural change and the dynamics of gender oppression and empowerment borrowing concepts from radical feminism and postcolonial feminism. In other words, this study attempts to explain how such aspects as the female body and motherhood might be oppressing and empowering at the same time. In the main, our research seeks to indicate that The River Between does not only function as a critique of patriarchy and the effects of colonial rule but also attempts to give voice to the oppressed gender.Item The Synergy of allegory and orality in noviolet bulawayo's glory(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2024) Bouzid, Raihana; Aaid, Salah EddineThis dissertation investigates the synergy between allegory and orality in NoViolet Bulawayo’s Glory (2022), placing it as a significant criticism on Zimbabwean society. Through a deep analysis, it shows how NoViolet Bulawayo used different types of allegories namely political, ancestral, and modern ones to represent the socio-political reality of Zimbabwe while employing oral storytelling methods to enhance the narrative’s effect. The research digs into the historical foundations of both allegory and orality, analyzing their history and relevance in African literature. By exploring Bulawayo’s narrative methods, it demonstrates how the fusion of these two literary genres not only improves the tale but also connects emotionally with the readers. The study underlines the transformational impact of this synergy, revealing how Glory acts as an allegorical speech that speaks directly to the Zimbabwean experience, advocating for social consciousness and collective action.