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Item 1954-1945 مقارنة بين حزب الاتحاد الديموقراطي للبيان الجزائري وحركة انتصار الحريات الديموقراطية -(جامعة العربي بن مهيدي أم البواقي, 2021) مركيش, لبنى; تزقوارت, سناء; بوطبة, عمارتناولت هذه الدراسة مقارنة بين كل من حركة انتصار الحريات الديمقراطية والاتحاد الديمقراطي للبيان الجزائري ودورها في الحركة الوطنية فترة ما بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية 1945-1954م وقد تمثلت هذه المقارنة في إبراز نقاط الاختلاف من ناحية البرامج والتأسيس وغيرها أيضا نقاط التشابه من ناحية المطالب والهدف وفي الأخير تحصلنا على فكرة أن كلا الحزبين كانت غاياتهم السامية هي طرد الاستعمار ونيل الحرية.Item (1980-2020)قياس اثر بعض المتغيارت الإقتصادية على معدل البطالة خلال الفترة(جامعة أم البواقي, 2023) درويش ،بهاء الدينتعتبر قضية البطالة في الوقت الحاضر احدى المشكلات الاساسية التي تواجه معظم دول العالم باختلاف مستويات تقدمها وانظمتها، حيث تعكس تغيرات كل من جانب العرض و الطلب على القوى العاملة نتيجة لعوامل اقتصادية واجتماعية، هذه المشكلة كانت محل بحثنا حيث تم قياس اثر المتغيرات الاقتصادية المتمثلة قي الناتج المحلي الاجمالي و الانفاق الحكومي والتضخم على معدلات البطالة في الجزائر خلال الفترة 1980-2020 ، وذلك بعد معالجة كل من الجانبين: الجانب الخاص بالاطار النظري لمتغيرات الدراسة المستقلة والمتغير التابع وكذا التطرق الى واقع البطالة في الاقتصاد الجزائري ثم جانب الدراسة القياسية بناءا على نموذج قياسي لقياس اثر المتغيرات الاقتصادية المستقلة محل الدراسة على معدل البطالة بعد التعرف النموذج الاقتصادي القياسي المستخدم. حيث تم تقدير العلاقة بين التضخم والانفاق الحكومي والناتج المحلي الاجمالي خلال الفترة الممتدة من 1980-2020 على معدل البطالة في الجزائر باستخدام نموذج ARDLItem 1990-2020أثر تكنولوجيا المعلومات والإتصال على النمو الإقتصادي في الجزائر(جامعة أم البواقي, 2022) صاحبي ، خديجةهدفت هذه الدراسة إلى قياس أثر تكنولوجيا المعلومات الاتصال على النمو الاقتصادي وبالتحديد في الجزائر خلال الفترة (1990-2020)، ومن أجل تحقيق هذا الهدف تم الاعتماد على منهجية الانحدار الذاتي للفجوات الزمنية الموزعة ARDL، وهذا استنادا على المتغيرات المستقلة المتمثلة في: نسبة الاشتراك في الهاتف النقال ونسبة الاشتراك في الهاتف الثابت، وإجمالي الناتج المحلي كمتغير تابع. حيث شملت الدراسة القياسية اختبار استقرار السلاسل الزمنية من خلال تطبيق اختبار ديكي فولر الموسع (ADF) واختبار فيليبس بيرون (PP)، تقدير النموذج والكشف عن وجود تكامل مشترك باستخدام اختبار الحدود (Bounds Test)، وتقدير العلاقة في المدى القصير والمدى الطويل باستخدام منهجية الانحدار الذاتي للفجوات الزمنية الموزعة ARDL، حيث أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن 106.25% من الأخطاء قصيرة الأجل يمكن تصحيحها في الأجل الطويل، وأنه توجد علاقة طردية بين نسبة المشتركين في الهاتف النقال ونسبة المشتركين في الهاتف الثابت لكل 100 نسمة و إجمالي الناتج المحلي.Item 2000-2020إستخدام نموذج المعادلات الأنية لقياس أثر تقلبات أسعار البترول على النفقات العامة في الجزائر في الفترة(جامعة أم البواقي, 2022) بخوش، شوقيتهدف الدراسة لمحاول البحث في العلاقة الناتجة بين أسعار البترول و النفقات العامة في الجزائر في الفترة 2000-2020, ومن أجل القيام بهذه الدراسة تم الإعتماد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وكذا القياسي،وذلك لتحليل أهم التطورات في الأسعار النفطية و النفقات العامة، وقد توصلت الدراسة الى وجود علاقة مباشرة بين أسعار البترول و النفقات العامة، وتلك العلاقة هي علاقة طردية, فأي الزيادة على مستوى الأسعار تؤول إلى الإرتفاع على مستوى النفقات العام , حيث من خلال هذه الدراسة وجدنا كل من الإيرادت الغير البترولة و الأسعار النفطية تفسر التغيرات الحاصلة في الإنفاق العام, وهذه النتائج توافق النظرية الإقتصادية التي تنص بوجود علاقة طردية بين الأسعار النفطية و الإنفاق العام.Item ( 2010-2021)السياسة النقدية ودورهافي ضبط العرض النقدي في الجزائر خلال الفترة(جامعة أم البواقي, 2023) أزغوغ، إيمان; علاق ،رفيدةتهدف هذه الدراسة لتقييم دور السياسة النقدية في ضبط العرض النقدي في الجزائر خلال الفترة (2010-2021)، بالاعتماد على منهج وصفي تحليلي استقرائي ، حيث بينت نتائج الدراسة على أن السياسة النقدية يمكن بها أن تضبط العرض النقدي في الجزائر و يمكن الاستدلال على مدى تحقق العرض النقدي من خلال تحقيق أهم أهدافها مثل تحقيق معدلات نمو اقتصادي مرتفعة، وتخفيض نسبة البطالة.Item (2019-2022)تداعيات جائحة كورونا على السوق النفطية العالمية(جامعة أم البواقي, 2022) زكري، أيمن; عقون، فاطمة الزهراءيهدف هذا البحث الى إبراز تداعيات جائحة فيروس كورونا (covid-19) المستجد على الاقتصاد العالمي بصفة عامة، من خلال تحليل أهم المؤشرات الاقتصادية العالمية المتمثلة في التجارة الدولية، تدفقات رؤوس الأموال، البطالة، معدلات النمو والتضخم؛ والسوق النفطية العالمية بصفة خاصة، من خلال قراءة لأهم الآثار التي خلفتها الجائحة على المتغيرات الرئيسية للسوق النفطية العالمية، وهي الطلب والعرض العالميين والأسعار قبل الجائحة وبعدها، بالإضافة الى التوقعات المستقبلية وسيناريوهات أسعار النفط المستقبلية. ولمعالجة إشكالية الدراسة تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، والعديد من التقارير والإحصائيات الصادرة عن الهيئات الدولية. وقد تم التوصل من خلال البحث إلى أن انتشار جائحة كوفيد 19منذ بدايات عام2020تسبب في انخفاض الطلب العالمي على النفط نتيجة الإجراءات المشددة في تفعيل التباعد الاجتماعي والحجر الصحي،مما أدت هذه الأخيرة إلى انخفاض أسعار النفط بشكل ملحوظ، ومن النتائج المتوصل إليها أيضا انخفاض العرض العالمي من النفط في فترة البحث، والذي نتج عن خطة الأوبك في الخفض المؤقت للإنتاج النفط نظرا لتراجع الطلب عليه جراء جائحة كورونا، وبحلول 2021 عرفت السوق النفطية بمختلف متغيراتها وذلك بفضل تخفيف إجراءات العزل والسفر، ومن المتوقع استمرار تعافي السوق النفطية بحلول سنة 2022 وخاصة في خضم الحرب الروسية الأوكرانية.Item 2030 للتنبؤ بتطو معدلات البطالة في الجزائرأفاق ARIMA استخدام نماذج(جامعة أم البواقي, 2022) طير ، محمد السعيدتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى استخدام نماذج ARIMA في التنبؤ بمعدلات البطالة في الجزائر وذلك من خلال نمذجة سلسلة معدلات البطالة في الجزائر خلال الفترة 1990- 2020 والتنبؤ بها مستقبلا في أفاق سنة 2030، وحيث تبين أن أفضل نموذج للتنبؤ هوARMA(1.0) كما إن معدلات البطالة في انخفاض مستمر، خلال السنوات القليلة القادمة، لتصل إلى 11.063 بالمائة، أفاق 2030.Item 2إصلاحات ا لنظـام الضريبي الجزائــري في ظـل قانـــون الماليـــــة(جامعة أم البواقي, 2023) محمــــدي ،فريـــدة; خوالـــدي ،رقيـــــةتهدف هذه الدراسة الى التعرف على النظام الضريبي الجزائري واصلاحاته، واهم التدابير التي تضمنها قانون المالية لسنة 2022 في ذلك الإطار وكذا اظهار اهم معوقات هذا النظام وفي هذا السياق اعتمدنا على المنهج الوصفي بإعطاء ماهية النظام الضريبي الجزائري والإصلاحات التي مر بها عبر الزمن من جهة، والمنهج التحليلي من خلال استقراء العديد من المواد القانونية الصادرة مؤخرا من اجل استخلاص النتائج وتقديم التوصيات. وتوصلنا من خلال دراستنا الى ان النظام الضريبي الجزائري ورغم كل الإصلاحات التي مر بها عبر قوانين المالية المختلفة وكذا التدابير الهامة التي اتى بها قانون المالية لسنـــة 2022موضوع دراستنا الا انه لا يزال يعاني من نقص العدالة الضريبية والتعقيد ويفتقد للبساطة، ومن ثم اقترحنا بعض الإجراءات التي نراها قد تمكن من معالجة هذه النقائص.Item 3D-CNN basés sur les squelettes pour la reconnaissance de la langue des signes isolés(Université Larbi Ben M'hidi Oum El Bouaghi, 2022) Ouali, Hichem; Sahbi, Nassima; Khellas, KenzaCe travail vise à la réalisation d'un système de reconnaissance du la langue des signes à partir d'un ensemble des vidéos ayant un large impact social. Ce système rendra la communication facile entre les sourds-muets et les personnes normales. En revanche, de nombreuses contraintes rendent la réalisation d'un système de reconnaissance précis de vidéos très difficile à réaliser et cela en raison ; La langue des signes qui présente de nombreux détails et caractéristiques due principalement aux grandes variations dans les actions (les gestes sont ambigus, l'environnement, tel que l'arrière-plan peut perturber la reconnaissance, la reconnaissance basée sur la vidéo peut être confrontée à plus de défis le temps de réaction, l'amplitude du mouvement et la qualité vidéo peuvent également affecter la précision). Dans ce travail, nous proposons un système basé sur l'une des approches du réseau de neurones convolutionnels tridimensionnels (3D-CNN). Ce dernier applique un algorithme d'I3D sur deux bases de données RGB et Squelette comme deux entrées, qui extrait automatiquement les caractéristiques des vidéos, capable de détecter les signes isolés et analyser par discrimination les gestes de la langue des signes et leur classification tout en préservant les informations temporelles des séquences des vidéos.Item 7/7 (seven/seven) London bombings and the rise of islamophobia in England(university of Oum El Bouaghi, 2016) Hamel, Nasrine; Dalichaouech, AbderrahmanePost 7/7 and other terrorist attacks and arrests of suspected terrorists in Britain and across Europe, there has been an exponential increase in islamophobic rhetoric and agendas, including calls to ban the Qur'an monitor or close mosques , deport muslim citizens and halt immigration from muslim countries. The result has been the growth of islamophobia , a widespread suspicion of mainstream muslims and discrimination towards muslims based on their religion or race, that has led to hate crimes and other acts of violence .The war on terror has raised difficult questions and choices for muslims in the western world. In many countries government policies designed to control the muslim community, to "domesticate" islam, have put pressure on Muslims not simply to integrate into a multicultural society but to assimilate by abandoning elements of their muslim belief and culture in order to enjoy full participation in their new country. Changing political and legal environment in western countries threaten and undermine Muslims' acceptance by others, their quality of life, and their security. Many face workplace discrimination, racial and religious profiling, and overzealous security measures. The situation has become especially difficult for the British Pakistanis that face harassment, unwarranted scrutiny, and indictment without prompt adjudication because the bombers of the 7/7 London Bombings were british pakistanis, the fingers were pointed towards british pakistani muslims community who became viewed as terrorists and trouble makers responsible for all bad events in Britain even if they have no hands on them. All the anti-terrorism measures that were enacted helped in the increase of the discrimination, racism and alienation of the british pakistanis muslim community. The muslim community reactions stressed on the need not to allow the transformation of migrants, refugees and religious minorities in european countries to "ram a new scapegoat" and ask for more space in the media.Item A Biografical Reading of F.Scott fitzgerald's the great gatsby(university of Oum- El- Bouaghi, 2017) Abidet, Miyyada; Aaid, Salah-EddineThe following research attempts to analyze F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby from a biographical point of view. The objective of this study is to unveil the motives behind writing the novel. It quests the relation between the biography of the writer and the way of shaping the plot of the novel. It investigates the reason behind including life experience in a literary piece. To reach this point, this research will be divided into three chapters. The first chapter covers the social and cultural background of the novel and the biographical method. The second one discusses the correlation between the biographical materials and the development of the plot. The last chapter approaches the effective role of psychological trauma in writing the events of the story. Finally, this biographical reading allows us to know about literature and the hidden desire behind the author's inspiration.Item A comparative corpus based analysis of hedges and boosters in discussion sections of experimental and non experimental master theses(University Of Oum El Bouaghi, 2019) Belouettar, Hanene; Mesbahi, Amena; Azeroual, DjihedA growing body of evidence suggests that the rhetorical devices of hedging and boosting are crucial to the construction of an authorial stance in a world of academia, however, the implementation of such devices is subject to influence by several factors among which the type of the research design. With respect to English Foreign Language learners at Larbi Ben M'hidi University, the present study is called for in a bid to discover if learners' use of hedges and boosters is dependent on the adopted research methodology. To achieve this end, a contextual analysis of these devices is carried out on a corpus comprised of 50 discussion sections (25 experimental and 25 non-experimental) drawn from master theses. A robust computational toolkit, AntConc, is used to record the frequencies of the different types of hedges and boosters across the two corpora relying on Hinkel's (2005) pre-established taxonomy by means of "Key Words In Context" concordance. To determine the significance of the results obtained, a Chi-Square test is run by means of SPSS. The findings demonstrate a statistically significant difference between experimental and non-experimental discussion sections with respect to both frequency and form of the employed hedges and boosters, however, a notable discrepancy is marked in the application of the two devices at the level of each stratum. On the basis of these findings, a number of pedagogical implications are offered and suggestions for further research are proposed.Item A Comparative corpus-based analysis of conclusion sections, hedges and boosters in academic writing(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2023) Lakhdari, Amani; Kenouz, Chaima; Ayadi, KarimRecently, a greater emphasis has been set on the role of metadiscourse features especially the interpersonal elements in academic writing. By means that researchers in academic writing started to concentrate on the interactional metadiscourse markers that authors use to convey their voice and position in writing. Therefore, the primary focus of the current study is to examine how Algerian researchers use hedging and boosting devices in their master theses and particularly the concluding sections. In addition, academic writers, particularly EFL learners, do not demonstrate these features in their writing. Thus, the current study's main aim is to report a comparative based analysis of 40 master two theses from graduate students of Algeria gathered into two corpora of similar size, each representing one of two branches (Civ-Did). In order to look at these devices in terms of frequency and use we have adopted Hyland's 2004 Model to see how the two corpora are similar or different in their use of these two devices and the AntConc software to analyze the data. Our findings indicated that each group used these interactional markers in a different way. Moreover, Civilization students used hedges and boosters more than the Didactics ones. The results show that nouns were the least frequently used hedging and boosting devices in the corpus, while modal auxiliaries were the most frequently used hedging and boosting devices. Modal auxiliaries were reported to be of high frequency while adjectives where the least frequently used boosting devices. For the second aim, the results indicate a slight difference in the use of hedging and boosting devices in terms of functions. These findings suggest that curriculum builders, teachers, and students should make an effort to become familiar with hedging and boosting devices and demonstrate their significance in the field of academic writing.Item A comparative descriptive study of the impact of gender on english pronunciation an acoustic study of affricates(Larbi Ben M’hidi University-Oum El Bouaghi, 2021) Serifegue, Amina; Bouri, HadjSociolinguistics and phonetics are regarded as important branches in the field of the academic writing. This research attempts to provide an experimental evidence whether students pronounce affricates appropriately or no, and whether there is an acoustic difference between both genders /?/ and /?/ voice onset time. A growing body of evidence suggests that gender is correlated with pronunciation. However, previous studies have not dealt with the impact of gender on affricates pronunciation specifically. Of particular concern, this study seeks to answer the following questions: do EFL learners pronounce affricates correctly or do they make mistakes? Does gender affect pronunciation? Is there any difference between males and females voice onset time of affricates? The study is based on 32 Algerian participants; they are third year students of English at LArbi Ben M'hidi University. They are divided into two categories: males and females. In the process of conducting this research, isolated words and words in contexts contain affricates were used to describe students' pronunciation and transcription. All participants were included in these activities, and their pronunciations were recorded. Praat program was used to measure acoustically the recordings, and a statistical analysis of four words was made using SPSS software to examine the significance of the variable gender in pronunciation. Hence, We compared pronunciation of eight students. For the first question, the results indicated that some EFL learners make mistakes when pronouncing /?/ or /?/. For the second and the third questions, gender has an impact on pronunciation, and the comparison showed that the VOT of thr score mean of females is longer than the VOT of score mean of males of /?/ and /?/. On account of these findings, limitations were identified and suggestions for further research were stated.Item A Comparative descriptive study of the use of english adjectives by EFL male and female students: the case of first year students at the department of english at OEB University(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2023) Belhabes, Khawla; Aliouche, NadjibaThis dissertation examines the use of English adjectives by male and female EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students, specifically focusing on first-year students at the Department of English at OEB University in Algeria. A comparative descriptive study is conducted using corpus analysis to investigate potential differences in adjective usage between genders. Written paragraphs are collected from a sample of 50 participants, consisting of 25 males and 25 females, and analyzed using TagConc and AntConc software tools. The findings reveal both similarities and differences in adjective usage between male and female students. While both genders demonstrate a shared understanding of adjectives, variations are observed in the frequency and types of the adjectives used. Males display a slightly higher frequency of descriptive and possessive adjectives, while females show a higher frequency of demonstrative, and superlative adjectives. These findings suggest nuanced variations in adjective usage influenced by individual writing styles, preferences, and potential cultural and linguistic influences. The implications of this study include the need for further research in different educational contexts, incorporating qualitative methods to explore underlying reasons for gender differences, investigating instructional interventions, and considering socio-cultural factors that shape gender-related vocabulary use among EFL learners.Item A Comparative study between the effects of intrapersonal and linguistic intelligences on the narrative paragraph(أم البواقي, 2020) Sigha, Kahina; Bechoua, SorayaWriting remains one of the most challenging skills in a foreign language for EFL/ESL learners. It requires many efforts and practices to come out with a righteous writing product. Because of the complexity of this skill, many teachers and learners face a number of issues in the teaching/learning process. While the former requires to provide the accurate teaching style to cope with all the individual differences in the classroom, the latter should adopt the best ways and strategies of learning. In this research work, the aim is to make students aware of their strengths and weaknesses by knowing the appropriate learning style that matches best their intelligence as suggested by the multiple intelligence (MIT). The main objective of the study is to find out whether there is a significant difference in students' writing abilities through using their intrapersonal and linguistic intelligences ,and also to emphasize the importance of MIT. This research is conducted with a group of 18 EFL master one (M1) students at Larbi Ben M'hidi University-Oum Bouaghi. The participants were categorized into two groups according to their dominance of intrapersonal and linguistic intelligences. A comparative correlation study is used in order to investigate whether both groups of intrapersonal and linguistic intelligences show a better mastery of narrative writing or not. A Multiple Intelligence inventory and medium-length paragraphs written by the students were used to collect data. Moreover, the statistical t-test is used to add a statistical significance to the results and the writing rubric to assess the students' writing performance. The findings of this investigation have shown that there is no significant difference between the writing performances of both groups , and that the two groups did well in this task that is narrative writing. Some recommendations for multiple intelligence theory are inserted in the dissertation as well as the limitations of this work.Item A Comparative study of male/female teacher's code switching in EFL classrooms(university of Oum El Bouaghi, 2016) Mameri, Hadda; Chaira, FaridThis study aims at compar male and female teacher's code switching in EFL classroom in middle schools of Ain Beida. To carry out this research a quantitative research method was adopted, a classroom observation was used as an instrument to collect data in order to determine which gender tends to use code switching more male or female and for which function code switching will be used by male or female teachers. In addition, two questionnaires were used: teachers' questionnaire and pupils' questionnaire that were designed to confirm the data collected from the classroom observation and to check teachers' and students' attitudes toward teachers' code switching. The conclusion that can be drawn from classroom observation is that female teachers tend to use code switching more than male. It shows also that female teachers' code switching serves the functions of exercising discipline and indicate the starting and the ending point of the lesson, whereas males' code switching serves different functions: to create a friendly relationship, to emphasize certain language points, to gain time and for translation that is to say the functions of female and male teachers' code switching are totally different. The analysis of the questionnaires indicates that teachers hold different attitudes toward the use of code switching in classroom positive and negative and students show positive attitudes.Item A Comparative study of sentence variety in essays written by third year EFL male and female students at the department of english Larbi Ben M’hidi university(Université De Larbi Ben M’hidi Oum EL Bouaghi, 2022) Mahrez, Zahira; Zaidi, KhadidjaSentence variety helps to avoid monotony and dullness since opting for a variation of syntactic structures and patterns instead of completely using simple and short ones makes writing more expressive, professional, interesting, and appealing to the readers. In fact, the level of sentence variety in students' writings can be affected by their gender and opinions. In this regard, the current study aims to examine sentence variety in essays written by twenty four third year male and female students, at the Department of English, Larbi Ben M'hidi University. Specifically, it seeks to investigate the effect of students' gender and opinions towards the exclusivity of teachers-assigned topics at the level of sentence variety. First, students' opinions towards the exclusivity of teachers-assigned topics were classified into positive and negative through the use of MonkeyLearn tool for Sentiment Analysis, and the sample was selected on the basis of the results obtained together with students' gender. Sentence variety in the essays written by the participants was manually analysed, and the data was inspected via the statistical software Jamovi to discover the differences between the groups. The first research question about the similarities and differences between male and female students' level of sentence variety and the second one that asks whether there is an effect of students' gender and opinions towards the exclusivity of teachers-assigned topics on sentence variety were answered. The results of the independent samples t-test revealed that there was no significant difference between the level of sentence variety in essays written by male and female students who had positive and negative opinions towards the exclusivity of teachers-assigned topics; thus, the null hypothesis was validated. In other words, students' gender and opinions did not have an effect on sentence variety. Interestingly, the study can help in raising students' and teachers' awareness of the value of sentence variety in writing.