Browsing by Author "Tolba, Samiha"

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    Human rights laws between protection and violation: the dualism of Bush’s foreign policies in Afghanistan and Iraq
    (University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2023) Tolba, Samiha; Lamri, Amel
    The Concept of Human Rights is not a new term, but it took multiple forms and evolved over ages. It started with ancient civilizations, when the concept was linked to the establishment of the state and the emergence the declaration of Human Rights after the French revolution. All these developments paved the way for the universality of Human Rights which clearly appeared in the USA Bill of Rights and the UN' International Bill of Human Rights. Despite the fact that America had played a major role in designing and protecting human rights laws, its history shows clearly that it violated human rights principles in different occasions. When George Walker Bush became a President of the USA in 2001, he overturned all balances and expectations in the Middle East, taking the 9/11 occasion to declare his designed Wars on Afghanistan and Iraq. He theoretically supported all human rights laws and practically violated them in different occasions. In his speeches, Bush was symbolized as the creative actor, and the hero who convinced his followers and audiences that launching wars is a last option and not a decision. However, Bush's barbaric actions had horrific negative outcomes on innocent children and civilians that were protected by the UN Human Rights Laws.