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Browsing by Author "Maameri, Fatima"

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American foreign policy toward the arab world
(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2016) Zitouni, Wassila; Maameri, Fatima
The United States used such excuses as democracy and freedom to justify its policy of intervention in the arab world. The unexpected revolutions in 2011 that reached most arab countries against the ruling systems have shifted the US policy. What the Arab World, particularly the Middle East countries,has seen of instability and dispersion of Arab unity was the outcomes of American policy of intervention in the region's affairs. This mémoire investigates american policy toward the arab world during the first Barack Obama's administration and Syrian crisis is one case that reveals that policy. The core issue is Obama's measures toward Syria before and after the revolution of 2011. Based on the analysis of Obama's speeches and through a historical account of events, the research provides an overview on American-Arab relations and the uprisings that swept the Arab World. Obama's position was characterized b y hesitation and ambiguity; however, earlier than the outbreak of revolutions, policy toward Syria was decided. The George W. Bush administration saw Syria as a state sponsoring terrorism after 9/11 attacks and a supporter of Islamic resistance. With the arrival of Obama, a new phase in US-Syrian relations began and the need to change US strategy has been established. The Mémoire reveals that the coming of the Syrian upheaval in 2011 with its challenges, particularly the growing influence of Russia and China, the lack control of chemical weapons and threat to Israel's security, has put US policy in confusion. The real american interest inthe Syrian conflict was based on protecting self-interests and getting rid of the threat of the major powers to its international status.
American foreign policy towards Cuba, 1959-1963
(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2018) Allag, Omar; Maameri, Fatima
This research investigates changes that took place in American foreign policy towards Cuba. Their relationship was not stable, especially after Cuba's independence from the Spanish. The relationship between Cuba and U.S then shifted from being friendly to become bad and later on even worse. The situation climaxed with the establishment of the economic embargo, and later on the missile crisis and the Bay of Pigs invasion. All these transitions and events shaped their relationship over time. American foreign policy changed significantly towards Cuba, especially during the government of Fidel Castro. This research clarifies how the government of U.S. acted upon the Cuban revolution.
Black Lives matter vs. the civil rights movement
(Université Oum El Bouaghi, 2021) Benoudina, Rayene; Maameri, Fatima
This Mémoire examines the issue of racism in the United States. Black lives matter is a social movement that emerged in the United States as a response to the unjust killings of Black people by police officers. The movement gained the attention of the media after the death of George Floyd, a 46 years old Black citizen, and the spread of a video of him saying "I can't breathe". Floyd's dying words have become a rallying cry at demonstrations in the United States and around the world holding the slogan Black Lives Matter. Indeed, History is repeating itself. Today's protests are similar to the marches led by the civil rights movement during the 1950s and 1960s. This memoire compares between both movements in terms of structure, tactics, and leadership roles. It also examines the myth of post-racial America after electing Barak Obama as a president from an African American origin.
Brexit in views of doves and hawks
(Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2020) Louze, Abdelkrim; Hadjaissa, Nasreddine; Maameri, Fatima
This Mémoire examines the issue of Brexit, the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union. The work is an attempt to understand the reasons and the consequences of the UK departure from the EU and determine the possible impacts under the two scenarios of leaving the Union "Soft Brexit" Vs "Hard Brexit". The relationship of the UK with the EU was based on benefits, and with a feeling of superiority inside the Union for many years. The UK call to exit was a prelude to regaina part of its sovereignty that was restricted by European Union laws; it is also a step towards leaving the European market towards the global market. The departure went through two waves; the first one was Theresa May's soft version in which negotiations took a long time and ended a deadlock by June 2019. The second wave was Boris Johnson's hard version which secured Brexit in January 2020. A transition period to negotiate "New Trade Agreements" was supposed to take place immediately afterwards but Covid-19 pandemic delayed negotiations.
British foreign policy towards the Ottoman empire
(University Of Oum El Bouaghi, 2019) Belhatem, Romaissa; Maameri, Fatima
Instability in the Middle East today is a result of old commercial and diplomatic relations between England and the Ottoman Empire that ended in antagonisms. The 16thcentury marked the early modern encounter between England and the Ottoman Empire. From trade initiatives via the Levant Company to foreign policy, the Anglo-Ottoman relations were established. In the 19thcentury,however, the balance of power had changed. The Ottoman Empire witnessedcontinuous domestic and international crises and loss of power. To weaken the internally and to accomplish its imperialistic goals, Britain supported Arabs' aspirations for independence from Ottoman rule. Meanwhile, in secret negotiations with France, Britain planned for the division of the Ottoman Empire's possessions in the Middle East amongst them. In 1916, the British and French representatives Sir Mark Sykes and François George Picot signed a secret agreement, known as the Sykes-Picot Agreement, which partitioned the Middle East region into spheres of influence and redraw the map of the entire region.
British imperialism in Afghanistan,1839-2001
(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2013) Reddaf, Hassiba; Maameri, Fatima
Britain's foreign policy has been imperialistic and expansionist since its early formation; this can mainly be seen in its Great empire and its outcome, the Commonwealth of Nations. In the 19th century, Britain emerged as a colonial leading power with various holds in the world. Its expansionism emerged in the period of the " Great Game" which it played with the other power, Russia. In this game, both tried to expand their empires toward the region of Central Asia. In this context, Afghanistan was seen as the perfect opportunity to their expansionist dreams. To fulfill its motivations, Britain fought brutal wars in Afghanistan. In three wars fought between 1839 and 1919, the British used all means to subjugate the country but at the end they failed to maintain a presence in the region. In the opening of the 21st century, Britain's old motivations were still standing. They became a reality in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks when, in alliance with the USA, it launched a war against Afghanistan in 2001. The invasion oft Afghanistan was justified on the ground of the right to self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter. Using 9/11 attacks and the right of self-defense as an excuse to launch a war against Afghanistan seems the perfect cover for fulfilling UK-US imperialistic objectives, mainly controlling and exploiting this strategic area of Central Asia, mainly rich in oil and other natural resources.
Cultural globalization and its impact on the algerian society
(university of Oum El Bouaghi, 2016) Guerarra, Amel; Maameri, Fatima
This Mémoirestudies the phenomenon of globalization, and more specifically cultural globalization, and its impact on the algerian society. Because western culture influences and threatens agerian culture, this study focuses more on the negative effects of cultural globalization,rather on the positive ones, because they are more and deeper. By addressing cultural globalization under its different sides, this work establishes the relationship between globalism and the algerian cultural identity. Besides, it scrutinizes the means of the spread of this western thought in Algeria, particularlyvia multi-national corporations, information and communications technology and satellite TV. By providing a comprehensive view about cultural globalization'smanifestations in all sides of Algerians' lives, this work concludes that its impact on the Algerian society is a worrying problem; it challenges and threatens the cultural specificity of Algeria because of its negative effects.
George W. Bush as a modern cowboy
(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2013) Harizi, Chahrazed; Maameri, Fatima
Cette thèse de Master vise à développer une meilleure compréhension de l'image du président américain George W. Bush comme un cow-boy moderne au cours des mois qui ont précédé la guerre en Irak comme son image en tant que président cow-boy a dominé la presse américaine et internationale. Malgré la vaste recherche conduite par les américains sur l'image du cow-boy de George W. Bush lors de la guerre en Irak, l'image globale produite dans leur littérature est totalement positive et patriotique et démontre une critique biaisée. Ainsi, sur la base à la fois d'une étude des diverses littératures et une analyse des discours du président à travers l'application d'une technique littéraire, le mythe et la méthode de symbole, ce 'mémoire' montre que l'image du cow-boy a été associée à l'impérialisme, l'insouciance et le racisme ainsi que la liberté illimitée, l'individualisme et la masculinité. En conséquence, le débat sur George W. Bush comme président cow-boy est également un débat sur le nationalisme Américain parce que le mythe du cow-boy est devenu partie intégrante de la politique étrangère américaine au cours de sa présidence. Cette étude aspire à faire partie d'un nombre croissant de recherches sur les perspectives non-américaines et leurs opinions sur l'image de George W. Bush comme président cow-boy pendant le débat sur la guerre en Irak. En concluant que ce sens américain du patriotisme a conduit à une sorte de politisation de l'histoire, fiction ainsi que la politique, ce mémoire' ambitionne a contribuer a la recherche future sur le cowboyism moderne américaine.
Guantanamo and the policy of Barak Obama 2009-2013
(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2013) Tabet, Khaoula; Maameri, Fatima
Ce Mémoire jette la lumière sur la vérité derrière Guantanamo comme un camp de détention et les questions de ses méthodes d'interrogatoire. Aujourd'hui, Guantanamo est un "trou noir" et une honte à déformer les idéaux fondateurs de l'Amérique comme le pays de la liberté et de la justice. Ce travail de recherche vise à retracer l'histoire de Guantanamo à partir de 1903 quand il a été utilisé pour les réfugiés de l'immobilier et les immigrants illégaux à sa transformation en un camp de détention de terroristes présumés d'Al-Qaïda. Au nom de la "guerre contre le terrorisme", l'administration de Bush a fait empirer les choses en abusant les droits de l'homme des détenus. Cela a causé beaucoup de dommages à la réputation américaine et de la critique et l'indignation des organisations de droits de l'homme qui demandaient sa fermeture généré. Bien que son successeur Barack Obama s'est engagé pendant la campagne pour l'élection présidentielle de 2008 pour la fermeture de Guantanamo et a publié un décret en ce sens dans l'année suivant son élection, le camp est toujours ouverte. En insistant sur le cas de Mohammed Al Qahtani, un membre éminent de l'organisation Al-Qaïda, cette thèse examine les méthodes d'interrogatoire de Guantanamo et conclut à sa fermeture urgente. La fermeture de ce camp de détention pourrait apaiser les tensions avec de nombreux pays à travers le monde et d'améliorer l'image des Etats-Unis, et pourtant, les détracteurs républicains de Barack Obama s'opposent à sa décision au motif que cela mettrait en péril la sécurité de l'Amérique. Par conséquent, cette thèse soutient que l'Amérique n'a pas s'abstenir d'utiliser tout moyen, y compris les violations flagrantes des droits de l'homme, pour maintenir sa puissance hégémonique dans le monde entier. Que les choses sont ses intérêts indépendamment de ses idéaux revendiqués de la liberté et de la démocratie.
International organizations and good governance in the Arab world
(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2014) Beldjoudi, Iymene; Maameri, Fatima
In this twenty-first century, the concept of good governance has gained great consideration due to its importance in fighting corruption, ensuring human rights, and achieving sustainable development. This Mémoire discusses the issue of good governance in the Arab World in general and Algeria particularly. It tackles the political situation in the Arab World by stating its nature, discussing issues, and revealing the role of international organizations, namely the United Nations Organization and its many organs. The central point of this Mémoire is the analysis the Algerian experience as stated through the World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) and evaluation of the efforts of the Algerian government to achieve good governance.
Islam in the USA, history, ways of expansion and influuential figures
(university of Oum El Bouaghi, 2016) Bechairia, Meryem; Maameri, Fatima
Islam in America expanded fast in the recent years due to the large interest in the faith that led to conversions. Those conversions were the result of the answers given by the religion to the questions that are unanswered in Christianity. Islam for the new converts means a guide for their lives and a solution to their problems. The numbers of muslims in the united states of America cannot be compared to christians and Jews as they are still a minority; yet, this mémoire claims that the growth of islam is remarkable and this has been proved through the involvement of muslims in all fields of the american life. In conclusion, our research has found out that islam has succeed in creating an identity in the american mind; therefore, americans nowadays do not see islam as the religion of terrorism but a religion of peace and tolerance.
Muslim americans and U.S. intervention in Afghanistan 2001
(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2013) Zaoui, Meriem; Maameri, Fatima
This Mémoire analyzes american intervention in afghanistan in the aftermath 9/11 attacks. By focusing on a number of issues, it attempts to show how the USA justified its intervention and war on afghanistan. More specifically, this work handles the issue of terrorism and its impact on american relations with the muslim countries. In this, the role of the american media is emphasized since it creates and fosters stereotypes about muslims. Accordingly, this thesis sheds the light on the influence of the american media on public opinion and its perceptions of the muslim World. Based on this, the thesis sees that US public opinion is an important element in the making of american foreign policy through providing support for leaders and policy-makers. Americans in general supported american intervention in Afghanistan but many criticized it too. This is particularly true about muslim-americans who saw it as an illegal war and consequently opposed.
Muslims' contributions to western civilization Al-Idrissi map of the world in the twelfth century AD.
(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2014) Khensal, Nora; Maameri, Fatima
Undeniably, the most magnificent civilization in human history is the medieval islamic civilization. At that time, science and religion were two faces of the same coin and Muslim scientists could achieve in mathematics, medicine, astronomy and other sciences what had never been achieved before. In geography particularly, Abu Abdallah Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Abdallah Ibn Idriss Al-Hamudi Al-Hassani known Al-Idrissi a twelfth century geographer of Ceuta, Morocco, at the service of the Norman king of Sicily Roger II, scientifically, elaborated the first original map of the world. That so far remains the most accurate map of its time and the closest to the map of the world as we know it today. Under many circumstances all Islamic contributions passed to Europe at times of war and peace through Crusades and muslim-Christian contact. In addition to warring against muslims at the Iberian Peninsula (Andalusia) and the Holy Land, Europeans started trading but also translating from arabic to Latin, that translation movement paved the way for european renaissance as well as modern thought. Therefore Western civilization product of muslim-christian contacts- is considered the heir to the Islamic thought. This truth has been neglected by many Western thinkers and historians who minimized the great role of Islamic civilization to the role of a postman or guardian of Geek heritage. This bias which makes a Eurocentric view dominates Western narratives and counterfeits but also distorts the historical truths. This is why this mémoire views that today's sciences and universal knowledge is the legacy of islamic civilization.
Muslims’ presence in pre-Columbian America
(university of Oum- El- Bouaghi, 2017) Zerara, Zina; Maameri, Fatima
The Western world had always been in a stand where it rejected the influence of Muslims and Islam on its history to the point that it disregarded the Golden Age of the Islamic civilisation and denied Islamic science. The impact of Muslims on the early history of America is absolutely absent from the western canon. However, Muslims and Islam were a part of pre-Columbian America and had a great influence on it, even though it is controversial. Muslims were in the Americas before the arrival of Christopher Columbus; they were trading and marrying with the Natives. The most important thing is that Muslims did not ever try or intend to conquer or exploit the land or the people of America. Through using the historical descriptive and analytical approaches, this research explores the significant impact of Muslims and Africans on early American history, particularly the pre-Colombian era. It also conveys a more accurate framework about the Islamic and African contact with the Americas. In addition, it rejects the myth that Europeans and their descendants constructed world civilization without the influence of Muslims or Africans. This research concludes that Muslims from Spain and West Africa reached the Americas five hundred years before Columbus.
Origins of the Jewish Lobby in America and its effect on U.S.foreign policy
(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2014) Djebailia, Manel; Maameri, Fatima
This memory tries to explore the Jewish lobby in America and its role in directing its foreign policy. This is done through studying first the origins of this minority group through exhaustive explanation about the Jewish existence in America. The focus of this research is to explain the reasons behind the strength of Jewish lobbying and therefore the unique relationship between these interest groups and the american government. The first step in this mémoir is to show the importance of lobbying in any country and the need for its existence to complete the democratic process. Explaining the uniqueness of Jewish lobbying and its effectiveness in reaching and accessing american governmental officials is done inevitably though studying the roots of Jews in America. The core issue that is to be discussed in this research is the immense privileges that Jewish lobbies enjoy unlike other ethnic-based interest groups in the American political scene. The study of lobbying in general and in America specifically will enable us to explore its origins and changing aims. In addition to the historical background, the study of Jewish lobbying techniques and types will allow us to better perceive the Jewish methods in controlling american offices of decision making domestically and internationally speaking. It is also important to know to what extent dose the american social and political scene, in addition to special historical event helps in the evolution of Jewish lobbying and political integration. Studying Jewish lobbying foundation, evolution and uniqueness are key steps towards the understanding of the overall mutual beneficial relationship between american government and the forcibly established state of Israel.
Post-9/11 American invasion of Afghanistan
(university of Oum- El- Bouaghi, 2017) Bechekaoui, Youcef; Maameri, Fatima
The reasons and motivations that led Unites States of America to invade Afghanistan following the 9/11 attacks made a hot debate among many historians and politicians. Thus, this study is significant because it sheds light on the main embedded aims that the United States of America never stated behind its invasion in the aftermath of the 9/11 events. Although the United States of America claimed that the fundamental reason behind the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 is the 9/11 attacks, there are many other reasons that were overlooked. Afghanistan has a very important geo-strategic location in the world; thereby, this feature allows the United States government to accomplish its economic and political interests within Afghanistan and Central Asia. This study has come to the conclusion that the United States of America used 9/11 attacks as a pretext to invade Afghanistan and serve its imperialistic interests in the area.
The American declaration of independence (1776) and the algerian proclamation of independence (1954)
(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2014) Ghourari, Soria; Maameri, Fatima
History : the american declaration of Independence and the algerian proclamation of Independence written in 1776 and 1954 respectively. More specifically, it examines the main similarities as well as differences between both documents. Our research shows that the two documents share some aspects but at the same time they differ in others. In addition, the mémoire demonstrates that the main reasons that make the algerian proclamation of Independence less important and little known in world history than the american declaration of Independence are the struggle for political power among the algerian revolutionary leadership after achieving independence in 1962. The stated aims of the proclamation, i.e.: ending French colonialism and establishing a socialist algerian state, and eurocentricism. however, the main reasons that make the american declaration of Independence a still-living and distinguished document in world history are its conveyance of universal values such as life and liberty as well as its reproduction in the documents of other nations, particularly the most recently independent developing countries. Therefore, the american declaration remains a major source of inspiration and a model for contemporary world documents whereas the algerian proclamation fell into forgetfulness. Finally, this study seeks to appreciate Algeria's Proclamation of Independence and to show the originality.
The Depiction of the "rogue states" in Hollywood movies, north Korea and the middle east states in team America
(university of Oum El Bouaghi, 2016) Lamouri, Amel; Maameri, Fatima
This Mémoire is an attempt to clarify and show the relationship between the Hollywood industry and American foreign policy. It detects the United States policy and its portrayal in Hollywood movies, particularly the concept of the so-called "Rogue States." It also investigates how Hollywood portrays those states, mainly north Korea and the Middle East states since Hollywood plays a great and significant role in depicting US policy toward those states. This reflects the importance of the interconnectedness between US foreign policy and Hollywood as the latter acts as a mirror that reflects the former's policy toward its enemies. Therefore, this Mémoire investigates how the projection of the rogue states in the movie industry is, namely North Korea and the Middle East, in the film Team America: World Police (2004). The Mémoire concludes that Arab images in the Hollywood film industry have always been portrayed negatively whereby the US represents "Good" that fights and defeats "Evil."
The Impact of the american cultural imperialism on the algerian society
(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2015) Merzougui, Sarra; Maameri, Fatima
Although it is not clearly seen, the algerian culture is one of the world cultures that are heavily influenced and threatened by the american culture. This workaim satstudying the impact of american cultural imperialism on the algerian society. It investigates the american cultural threat over the algerian indigenous culture and its major sources, particularly the Middle East Broadcasting Center (MBC) commercials that advertize the american brands. Since the MBC channels are the most watched by algerians, this work considers these MBC comercialsto be a cultural threat for they do not merely propagate for products but for a whole culture. Moreover, this research aims at uncovering the influence of the MBC advertisements on algerians and therefore the influence of american culture in Algeria through the consumption of american products. Our empirical study on the MBC reveals that later massively broadcasts the american advertisements which affectsheavily the algerian society.
The Impact of the french revolution on victorian literature
(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2014) Mallek, Chahrazed; Maameri, Fatima
This Mémoire seeks to shed lights on the impact of politics on literature. Instead of classical topics such as romanticism and naturalism, political matters became more included in literary genres. These provided a background for many writers who produced literary works depicting life under its many sides, particularly the political and socio-economic sides. Among them is the nineteenth-century english novelist Charles Dickens who portrayed London and Paris in the eighteenth century in his A Tale of Two Cities (1859). Through the analysis of this novel, this research work attempts to find out the reasons that made politics the main subject of Victorian literature. This Mémoire views that instability in political life of any country is the main factor which led writers to concentrate more, either directly or indirectly, on political subjects in their literary productions.

Browsing by Author "Maameri, Fatima"

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