Browsing by Author "Koussa, Toufik"

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    A White american writes about slavery William Faulkner's go down, moses
    (university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2014) Ouadfel, Bachir; Koussa, Toufik
    In the world of literature, many writers write a myriad of novels in the genre of literary fiction. So, each story differs from each other in a sense of arrangement of events, or the idea carried in the story. Our writer, wrote also several novels in Literary Fiction, but the one we are more concerned with is entitled go down, moses. Go down, moses is a novel of seven interrelated short stories, which relates a succession of several generations whose patriarch is, Licius Quintus carothers Mc caslin. The story started from 1859, just two years before the civil war, and happened in the imaginary YOKNAPATAWPHA County, in the South of America, till the launching of world War II. In the first section, titled "Was," Mc caslin Edmonds "Cass" lives with his uncles, Uncle Buck and Uncle Buddy. Tomey'sTurl, a slave in Mc CASLIN plantation, fled for many times to see his beloved slave, Tennie, at the neighboring plantation of Hubert BEAUCHAMP. Hubert has an unmarried sister, called Sophonsiba, who is looking for a husband, and at the end of this short story she will be married with Uncle Buck. Tomey'sTurl, Uncle Buck's and Buddy's half brother, will marry, also in his turn, the slave Tennie. In the second section, titled "The Fire and The Hearth," Lucas Beauchamp, who is Tomey'sTurl's and Tennie's son, a mixed race tenant farmer lives on the Old Mc CASLIN plantation owned now by Carothers Edmonds, Roth, (Zack Edmonds's son). Lucas, who digs in the property, finds a gold coin then he realizes that a treasure could be hidden and buried by Buck and Buddy, who were dead, on their land. Lucas Beauchamp, who becomes obsessed with the gold, distills, also, illegally alcohol to make Whiskey with George Wilkens, who wants to marry Lucas's daughter Nat. In the third section, titled "Pantaloon in Black," Rider, a tall and strong black man, and who has no relationship with the Mc CASLIN family, works in aSawmill i. e., a factory where we chop wood. After the death of his wife, Mannie, Riderbecomes a drunkard and begins to have hallucinations which let him see his wife's ghost. At the end, he kills a man called, Birdson, who has been running crookedDice game for Negroes. In the fourth section, titled "The Old People," Sam Fathers, the son of Ikkemotubbe, a Chickasaw chief, and of a black slave woman, teaches to Isaac Mc CASLIN how to hunt in the forest. Isaac kills his first Deer, and now he ceased to be a child and becomes a hunter and a man. In the fifth section titled, "The Bear," Isaac Mc CASLIN becomes an expert hunter and participates in a Yearly Hunting Expeditions, which are organized by Major De Spain, General Compson, McCaslin, and Sam Fathers, the Chickasaw Indian, to hunt "Old Ben," a gigantic Bear nearly immortal that makes terror throughout a forest. In the sixth section, titled "Delta Autumn," Isaac McCaslin, who was young, is now nearly eighty years old. He travels with a group of hunters on a yearly hunting, to hunt a Bear and Deer to a hunting camp in the Mississippi River Delta. In the morning, a young woman wants to see Uncle Ike, but he understands that she was Roth's beloved. After a young girl left, Carothers killed a Deer, but it seems that he killed a "Doe" i, e., "a female of Deer" which is forbidden to be killed. In the seventh and last section titled, "Go Down, Moses," which happened in the forties in Jefferson, YOKNAPATAWPHA County. Mollie Beauchamp, Lucas's wife, who does not see her grandson, Samuel Beauchamp, since a long time and who has an intuition of an evil could happen to her grandson, asks Gavin Stevens, a Lawyer and Detective, to look for him and to know about his news. At last, Stevens learns from the newspaper editor that Samuel Beauchamp murdered a police, and for this reason he will be executed the next day in the Illinois. Then, mollie's grandson is brought home in a coffin, and the funeral takes place the next day. In general, the seven interrelated short stories of William Faulkner's novel Go Down,Moses hold the idea of inheritance, incest, miscegenation, slavery and racism.
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    Apostmodern reading of satan as a hero paradise lost by Jhon Milton 1667 and the devil s' advocate 1997
    (university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2013) Mazouz, Bessma; Koussa, Toufik
    Studying the mysterious character of Satan within the literary and artistic framework, is of a grabbing concern in a time when the world can no longer see but only the evil. The battle between the good and the evil took place since the early creation of this universe. This dissertation uses a reader-response and reception study framework to discuss the character of Satan in Paradise Lost and the film of the devil's advocates. The basic investigation of the study is determined exactly on how do readers react towards the character of Satan; make meaning from their interaction with the work of Paradise Lost and The Devil’s Advocate? And how does postmodernism encompasses all these as one aspect of its revolution on the absolute truth and the conventional. This research project is based on a review of relevant literature and most importantly film reviews that determine the audience’s responses. The findings underline that there are similarities and differences between the old and contemporary readings of Satan as the dominant character in literature and art. The main conclusion to be drawn from this work is that the contact of the reader with Satan reveals the work as an eventually aesthetic production with some hidden reasons that change the thought of the audience.
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    Ethnography of communication in cross- cultural setting Mark Twain's " The adventures of hucklebrry finn"
    (university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2014) Arifi, Khadidja; Koussa, Toufik
    This study tries to investigate the different cultures and dialects exist in the United States. The main objective is to present the different cultures and portray the linguistic varieties which exist in the United States of America at the early nineteenth century. To reach this aim and fulfill this point, some terms and concepts are clarified, like : Patterns of Communication, Style-shifting and code markers, that help in analyzing and investigating the different dialects and culture exist in different regions in America. All these markers portrayed in Huck Finn by the different characters, who are embodied in the novel. This these also tries to depict the social changes that America witnessed in the nineteenth century, through Huck Finn, in addition to the controversy over the novel. In order to highlight the linguistic and cultural varieties, I take Mark Twain's Huck Finn, on which an ethnographic study is applied, describing and investigating the different dialects and cultures present in different speech communities that are associated with different factors and markers: sex, class, age, ethnicity, and region. Furthermore, the theses main concern is the depiction of the varied dialects exist in America as a multi-cultural nation-state. All these markers portrayed in Huck Finn by the different characters, who are embodied in the novel.
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    Female identity in postcolonial african literature case study Assia Djebar " Les nuits de Strasbourg " (1997)
    (university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2014) Messous, Djamila Imene; Koussa, Toufik
    This study tries to investigate the representation of african women in Assia Djebar's "Les nuits de Strasbourg" from algerian marginalized woman point of view. The main objective is to demonstrate how Djebar in a postcolonial context focuses on memory, history and identity that is lost. In order to highlight this idea, an analysis of the colonized identity is made to demonstrate its connection with history. Following this, the representation of Thelja, the main character of les nuits de Strasbourg whose emptiness is apparent in the novel, is made clear through defining the character identity, and signifying the effects of emptiness on the characters and communities. The study also attempts to make a link between postcolonial theory and feminism in Africa and the main concern is to show that the concept of postcolonial feminist exists in african literature, through analyzing Djebar's les nuits de Strasbourg; by focusing on examining the characters and try to portray how they live between past and future. The main questions asked are How african women reflect and challenge the norms to create a new and strong identity, and define the african women's struggle during colonialism, also How african women writers affirm their identity and express their suffering through writings. Furthermore, the thesis discuses identity as a main concept of postcolonialism and clarifies the use of language as an important marker and a repository of cultural tradition.
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    Feminism at stake
    (university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2014) Bradja, Asma; Koussa, Toufik
    The thesis tends to investigate the representation of black women in Lenora Adams' Baby Girl. Instead of having chapters, the book is written of three long letters, through which Lenora Adams, the black writer, and with its protagonist Sheree tends to demonstrate her feminist perspectives and points of view. The main objective of this thesis goes on with the same objective of Adams. It will show how a twenty first century's black girl is trying to adapt with the challenges that she is going through, and how she tries to make her decisions and reactions according to the different circumstances. It will reveal how Adams has dealt with subjects as coming of age, finding identity, friendship, love, drugs, gaining respect, responsibility, social classes, and racial differences. From a black feminist perspective, Adams has dealt with Sheree's life experiences and main problems as being used for money, using drugs, getting pregnant. Sheree was a very strong girl who went through many trials and tribulations throughout her life especially with the lack of father's authority. Through Sheree's experiences, Adams has challenged the notion of being different, which means being inferior, non-civilized, and underdeveloped that the old American oppressive system has left upon the american society.
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    Postcolonial african American female writing
    (university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2013) Tounsi, Chahrazed; Koussa, Toufik
    This study tries to investigate the representation of black women in Toni Morrison's beloved from the slave mother point of view. The main objective is to demonstrate how Morrison- in a postcolonial context- draws on history, memory, magical realism and imagination in order to invert dominant Western assumptions. In order to highlight this point, an analyses of the development of magic realism is made to understand its connection with history. Following this, the next stage is to analyze the presence of the ghost of beloved in the narrative by defining its identity, and denote the reasons and effects behind its presence on the characters and the community. The study also attempts to make a link between Postcolonial theory and african american literature. The main concern is to show that the concept of “Postcolonialism” exists in the american literature, through analyzing the history of the colonized societies within. By focusing on showing that the literature produced by some african american writers can be regarded as postcolonial; by examining their hybridized characters, and try to show how they live in the space of in-between-ness. Using Black women’s response to the conflicting roles shaped by the american society, the question asked is How these women reflected and challenged the norm to create a new meaning of black Womanhood, and define the context of slavery for blacks, and how black women operated in slave society to affirm their identity through their writings. Furthermore, the thesis discusses magical realism as a form of literary expression and artistic style used by some postcolonial authors. First, a definition of this term is given, in addition to its postcolonial significance in the black Feminist Thought. Further, a clarification of the use of one of its devices – the supernatural- is made to explain the significance of the “Ghost” in literature and popular culture.
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    The Sense of belongine in postcolonial literature V.S Naipaul's The mimic men, a man's search for identity and home
    (university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2014) Messaoudi, Khawla; Koussa, Toufik
    This research attempts to explore the representation of the sense of belonging in V.S Naipaul's works. V.S Naipaul has emerged as the most significant contemporary english novelist, his status reaffirmed by the 2001 Noble Prize for literature. This study aims to investigate the postcoloniality of V.S. Naipaul. As an exile from trinidad, Naipaul's main concern as a novelist is to project carefully the complex fortune of individuals in a multicultural community. However it appears that he is a controversial writer, he is blamed and even hated for having no loyalty to his culture, and for showing no sympathy for the oppressed. Through The Mimic Men, I will trace how Naipaul's work dealt with a man's curve to belong, in addition to the complexities of constructing an identity, complexity of colonial dilemma, sense of alienation, an dislocation, among other devices reflected in the aforementioned novel, I will argue that while he is likely to be blamed for having no loyalty for his culture and that he is not considered as a postcolonial writer, he plays an important role in the postcolonial writings, and that his novels have beautifully described colonial and ex-colonial societies, and that he has an urge to express his fluid, various and unstable identities in terms of his unique postcolonial cultural perspectives.
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    TheThousand and one nights and the issue of gender
    (university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2014) Medkour, Islah; Koussa, Toufik
    The thousand and one night known as the arabian night and is universally renown piece of writing and it is in fact, the central point in our discussion of gender and feminism as a reflection of Arabic society. My work also is concerned with the history of the narratology and the story telling art since the manuscript was first transmitted oraly. This scrutiny tends to illustrate the widespread controversial issue 'gender' within the stories of the most important fiction story "nights" known as 'the porter and the three ladies in Baghdad'or to investigate the image of women's inferiority in fiction and reality in the past. Also the thesis deals with gender equality between men and women in middle east and western world, since we live in Islamic world, to be obvious there should be equality between them. So my thesis tends to analyze the role of gender and class in the thousand and one night. as well as discuss what gender roles mean to culture, and what is important is to discuss the female character in the story of the porter and three ladies and to improve their power upon men also freedom in muslim society, though most of the stories deal with the control of men over women.