Browsing by Author "Filali, Billel"
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Item American heroism and the construction of a culture(Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2020) Siad, Rania; Filali, BillelThis research purports to examine the phenomenon of heroism in the United States and the way I takes different shapes and altering contextual dimensions from one century to another. An analysis is scooped on the evolution of the American version of heroism and its changing connotations. Furthermore, the research seeks to highlight the development of standards that play a conceptual role in crystallizing the basic elements for the creation and perpetuation of heroism as a popular culture in the United States. The course of the research requires deep scrutiny of major points that cannot be separated from heroism as a phenomenon. America's worship of individualism, creativity, liberalism, and efficiency was determinant in paving the way for heroism to be well-placed in the American social and cultural life. The flow of ideas shows the way in which heroism and its connotations swing from one person to another regardless of their cultural backgrounds, ethnic belongingness, and political affiliation. The research suggests that the powerful position of America might be an outcome of the investment in heroism.Item Between Andalusia and the Philippines(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2018) Goufi, Abla; Filali, BillelReligions are more than beliefs and practicing rituals. There are more than 4000 religion in the world vary in nature and number of followers. Religions have as old history as they emerged and often they are associated with non-religious elements. They are marked by social traditions, cultural legacies and economic and political motives. Christianity and Islam are respectively the first two religions in terms of adherents of course. Each has very rich history and both share not few historical intersections. Their emergence and spread raises many researches and studies. The wide stereotyped perception of Islam is unfortunately not true. Islam is represented negatively as the religion of terrorism and extremism. On the other hand, Christianity is the religion of tolerance and unconditional compassion and love. This research revisited some eras of both religions and traced the nature of Islamization and Christianization as processes. Chronologically speaking, it starts with Islam and selects the case of Islamic Spain; Andalusia. How Muslims arrived to Andalusia and how they stayed for more than eight centuries, are questions the first chapter aims to answer. Then, it explores the Spanish settlement in the Philippines in the 16th century. This dissertation pursues to unveil realities constructed through long time about Islam and Christianity in two different eras and different territories and examine their history with a new couple of eyes.Item Dynamics to buffer discrimination and its psychological effects among arab americans(Oum El Bouaghi University, 2021) Filali, Billel; Dr. Maameri, Fatima ZahraThe research purports to analyze discrimination, its effects, and the way it impacted the Arab Americans. Unquestionably, the ethnic and religious discrimination against Arab Americans results in stress, malaise, and other psychological discomforts. This research spots the light on certain elements that had been deeply examined and, consequently, considered by ethnic studies researches as negative aspects that aggravate the existing stereotypes of the Arab Americans' status. Contrary to that, this research investigates the ways in which family affinity, religiousness, and racial affiliation can be turned reversibly into positive factors that help Arab Americans to mitigate discrimination and, consequently, its serious psychological effects.Item From bombs to raisin: the American German relations pre and post the Berlin blockade 1948-1949(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2023) Mazouz, Salsabil Ayat El Rahmane; Siouane, Asma; Filali, BillelThis research aims at analyzing the reasons behind the United States decision to readjust its foreign policy toward Germany and notably unveiling the realities behind this reorientation. It seeks to investigate the non-aligned, inconsistent foreign policy of the United States and its ambivalent relations with Germany. In order to understand the underlying reasons for the United States reorientation of foreign policy toward Germany, this study aims to thoroughly examine the history of American-German relations. Germans made significant contributions to American society in numerous fields, but these contributions were faced by increasing animosity. During the two World Wars, American-German relations witnessed the worst scenario ever expected, but they later transformed into a democratic alliance motivated by the desire to protect American economic interests and curb the spread of communism after the Berlin Blockade. The research came to the conclusion that the U.S. Airlift of Berlin was not dedicated for humanitarian reasons, as the American official discourse claim. The study shows that it was a guise to prevent the spread of communism and to guarantee that Germany would be a future partner to the U.S. and not a serious threat for the American interests.Item From Wilson to G.W. Bush: the extension of the american faustian policies at the domestic and international levels(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2023) Bouzid, Djouhaina; Filali, BillelThe presentresearchseeks to analyze the 'Faustian' policies of the United States during the administrations of Presidents Woodrow Wilson and George W. Bush. Through the analysis of certain shared practices, attitudes and policies, thisresearchsuggests that the U.S. official rhetoric of promotingdemocracy and humanrightscontrastsits attitude at the foreign/ domesticlevels and isolationist/ unilateralapproachesinternationally. A comparative studybetween the policies of President Wilson and G.W. Bush shows that similar to Goethe's Faust, who made a fatefulpactwith the devil to experience power and pleasure, the United States contradicts the FoundingFather'sprinciples and itsconstitutional values for the sake of prioritizingits national interests and exercisesits power excessively. This research came to the conclusion that the U.S. policiesduring the administrations of Presidents Wilson and G.W. Bush contradicted the nation'sprinciples and constitution, violated international law and abused basic humanrights. All thesepolicies are carried to safeguardits self-interest and maintainits influence and hegemony.Item News as propaganda(Université Oum El Bouaghi, 2021) Hadjab, Khawla Romaissa; Filali, BillelThis study aims specifically to examine the prospect of media-state relations by looking at a Chinese Muslim minority group, namely the Uyghurs. The latter received massive attention from American media outlets, of which the New York Times played a central role. The link between media and politics is one of the central elements of this research. More precisely, this study sought to test the mechanism of Noam Chomsky's famous propaganda model in the coverage of the Muslim Uyghur issue. To reach this end, this study adopted content analysis to scrutinize data related to the Muslim Uyghur issue extracted from the New York Times official website, deciding if the newspaper's content adheres to any form of bias. Additionally, research data from primary and secondary sources such as books, articles, official and published documents, and others-were carefully examined. The analysis showed how the New York Times, a newspaper that claims impartial, investigative and independent journalism, failed to cover the Muslim Uyghur issue objectively. Critical journalism, a core element of Noam Chomsky's propaganda model, was fully absent from the newspaper's content, an aspect that reaffirms the workings of the propaganda model. Whether directly or indirectly, the newspaper manufactured an enemy-like image depicting China as demonized party system that unjustly commits a genocide against its' Muslim population with no critical considerations. In the broader perspective of US-China Relations, the newspaper's content served as the backbone to US-China current geopolitical and economic context. With no interest in presenting impartial-based articles, the newspaper ended up writing propaganda that promotes elite interests.Item Spiritual healing(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2018) Hebboudji, Nardjess; Filali, BillelSpiritual Healing: Perpetual Words" attempts to analyze and prove the possibility of the cultural travel from eastern to western realms of the world through "mystic lexicon". The study also, attempts at assessing critically the notable similarities and differences between Eastern Sufism and Western Mysticism, and examining major Islamic mystical ideologies. Therefore, the research is aiming at studying and analyzing the way in which Sufism, with all its aspects, was able to penetrate into the American society by covering major factors that helped the enculturation of the phenomenon, and how religious and cultural groups facilitated its existence in U.S. Moreover, it examines the impact of the Masnavi, a significant Parisian work in the United States through different versions and translations. By doing so, it seeks to unveil the real facets of Sufism and how it was perceived and welcomed by the Americans, making oriental Rumi the best-selling poet in U.S.Item The Anguish of the 19th century race relations african americans post reconstruction(Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2020) Bouzitoune, Khaoula; Nezzar, Khawla; Filali, BillelIdealism, freedom, and justice are among many features that the United States claims of. For many people, America is the dream land; a space where they can practice their rights (be they civil or religious) freely. Despite its multicultural, multiethnic, and multireligious nature, the nation suffers from different social, political, religious, and ethnic problems. In fact, closing certain pages as the one of slavery and racism was formal and temporary; post Civil War resulted in the abolishment of slavery and giving black slaves equal rights to whites (the reconstruction amendments). Unfortunately, following the introduction of these amendments, the "ferocity" and racism of the white Americans (mainly in the South) increased to unprecedented levels. The accession of ex-slave owners to different high positions in the southern states resulted in the enactment of certain laws and the permission of certain attitudes that had negative impact on blacks there. The integration of freed blacks in the American society was impossible with the existence of certain incapacitating measures and terroristic attitudes. Post reconstruction era was characterized by the prevailing of debates over the questions of race relations in the U.S. (Blacks Vs Whites and Blacks Vs Blacks). Blacks' interactions and relations with Whites took various forms. While many Blacks advocated peaceful and normal relations with Whites (Booker. T. Washington as an example), other blacks (Including W.E.B. Du Bois) insisted on careful relations and supported the necessity of launching ideological counterattacks against the whites' racist principles and attitudes. The analysis of Up from Slavery and The Souls of Black Folk reflects the ideological difference between Washington and Du Bois despite the same ethnic belongingness.Item The Reorientation of America’s foreign policy and the return of taliban(Université De Larbi Ben M’hidi Oum EL Bouaghi, 2022) Harkat, Ikram; Ounas, Chams Eddine; Filali, BillelThroughout all its history, America's first concern as a giant power in the world is to protect its National Security and to achieve collective action around the "national interest". This concern was essential in the U.S. Foreign policy making, in which the most noticeable aspect is its adaptability; it changes as the circumstances change. This can be linked with the famous terrorist attacks of 9/11, that were handled by the terrorist group Al-Qaeda and sponsored by the Taliban regime, and marked a huge watershed in America's foreign policy. Moreover, this turning point allowed the U.S. foreign policy makers to adopt a new Defense policy namely "the pre-emptive" policy. Therefore, as much as the 9/11 events had a deep impact on the American citizens and territories, but also they gave a great opportunity for the U.S to launch military operations in Afghanistan and have a hand in the Middle East. This research aims to unveil the reality behind the flexibility of the U.S. foreign policy, what did they achieve from invading Afghanistan, and the real reasons behind the U.S. withdrawal after almost of two decades.