Browsing by Author "Filali, Bilel"
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Item Anti amercanism in the arab world(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2013) Bouakez, Rahima; Filali, BilelAnti-americanism in the arab world can be understood only if one can trace its real roots. This research attempts to evaluate and explain the truth behind Arabs resentments towards the U.S. According to different participants, this phenomenon exists in the arab world at a high degree because of the Palestinian issue. arabs resents America for its foreign policy, its support to Israel, Its interventionism in the arab’s internal affairs, its imperialism. Though this dissertation aims to examine the nature of relation between America and arabs, it goes on to explain how this relation has been worsened because of the close relation between the U.S. and israel.more, this dissertation aims to clarify the main reason of arabs hatred and resentment towards America. America unconditional military support to Israel, Its silence towards the peace plan, Its push to Zionists to conquer new arab territories, all these issues have worsened the American image in the arab world. It justifies american position towards Israel whom it claimed that its security is an american responsibility. The work spots light on Algeria among all arab states as a case study precisely from 1962- 1972, to explain the algerian high resentment towards America. This work ends by suggestions in order to decrease this phenomen for the coming studies.Item Arab americans in post 9/11 America(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2016) Taher, Rayen Manal; Filali, BilelThe pursuit of a better life is a substantial reason behind the arab immigration to the United States. This ethnic group was propelled by the desire for the american dream; a fantasy of a new land of opportunities where all people are equal, but little did they know. Discrimination accompanied nearly all generations of arabs in the U.S. and for distinct reasons, but lately it became very apparent that the question of identity is the basic motive behind any type of bias against arab-americans, especially after the 9/11 attacks. This research analyzes the dramatic change in the american political and social perceptions of Arab-Americans in the aftermath of a tragic event, to reach a more explicit understanding of its repercussions. The ultimate goal of this paper is to recognize the magnitude of the long term impact, concerning the anti-arab social and political bigotry on the mobilization of the once consolidated arab american identity.Item Between tradisionalists and revisionists(university of Oum- El- Bouaghi, 2017) Menasria, Mohamed; Filali, BilelAbraham Lincoln is often referred to as the greatest president ever set foot in the Oval Office. Although, he is celebrated by the Mainstream as the Great Emancipator, Savior of the Union, and a great humanitarian qualities. Revisionists refute the manifest of Abraham Lincoln as a hero, and offer to see him from a different angle; his life, accomplishments, and attitudes are revisited providing a contrastive version of history in which Lincoln is a dictator, racist, and an opportunist driven by his impulse to create an empire. Thus, the importance of this research lies in keeping the balance between the two narratives to come up with compromising conclusion parallel to both trends. Our descriptive and analytical study of both sides has concluded that despite the fact that Lincoln is idolized throughout history, his acts discredit many of his accomplishments.Item Covid-19 pandemic disease and the racialization of Asian American(Université De Larbi Ben M’hidi Oum EL Bouaghi, 2022) Kebaili, Sarra; Filali, BilelThis research work investigates the impact of covid-19 on reviving the Asian American Racialization. It attempts to show discrimination faced by Asian-Americans due to the stereotype promotes, by historical events and hate discourse. It aims also to shed light on historical context related to Asian in United State of America. The study has the aim to follow the reviving of " the yellow peril" and the historical continuum of violence and discrimination in United State of America. This research purports to investigate how covid-19 transformed into an ideological pandemic and how it revives "the yellow peril", the research explain how Covid-19 impact human lives we tends also to shed light or criticize textual analyze, clarify the power of the hate discourse on creating an ideological pandemic through social media taking the example of Donald Trump's tweets, which signify the most aggressive reference Americans justify their violence acts through. Measuring the example of Asian's stories where they faced different types of violence due to the stereotype of elites as well as Trump. The result reached revealed the relationship between the expansion of Covid-19 and the hate Discource on creating ideological conflicts between ethnic groups that led to racialization.Item Credit mobiler and whiskey ring reconsidered; their impacts on U.S.politics 1869 -1877(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2015) Bouzid, Besma; Filali, BilelHistorically, a significant debate over the impact of credit mobiler and whiskey ring scandals on the United States politics and economy as well as the reputation of president ulysses grant marks that period in U.S. history. In fact, grant's administrations represented the era when these two scandals and others took place as a result of several illicit transactions, dishonest attitudes that caused America to lose a huge amount of money as well as the moral standards it was built upon. This dissertation investigates the reasons behind the suspicious deals at that time and highlights the impacts of each scandal on the political and economic scene.The dissertation spots the light on a mysterious period in U.S. history. The period from 1869 till 1877 represents the administration of the 18th president of the United States of America, Ulysses S. Grant who was a former Lieutenant in the union army and had never engaged in any political experience before. Consequently, Grant's administration was mired in corruption at all levels; in the government and in the political parties when fraud, bribery, and laundering of money led to many economic and political crises. Credit mobilier was a railroad construction company whereby stocks and shares were offered to the statesmen in both legislative and executive branches in order to win governmental appropriations. the Whiskey Ring was a deal between liquor distillers and the tax collectors. The latter imposed tax on the distillers less than the normal price in return of receiving kickbacks.Item Duality in the american foreign policy(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2018) Zouaoui, Chihab; Filali, BilelThe United States has used various methods to maintain its position as the world's largest power. It changed its political position on the world stage repeatedly, from intervening in certain issues in one country at a time, to not engaging in any aspect of foreign policy at other times, and even sometimes to deal with two or more countries using certain policies. Thus, American foreign policy is very complex and therefore cannot be understood or determined. In the case of the Kurds in Iraq and the Catalans in Spain, they resorted to the use of the policy of Dualism, in which the United States intervened in a major issue between the Spanish government and the Catalans who were eagerly aiming to free themselves and establish a state separate from Spain. Thus, trying to curb this desire of independence, through the direct support to the Spanish Government, that their relationship has been stable where they cooperated to make world peace and economy. Furthermore, using the same method it intervened in Iraq between the Kurds and the government, in order create a hostile relationship inside Iraqi soil, thereby weakening the threat of Saddam Hussein and helping the Kurds who had hopes in the United States and its political bureau in Washington to be isolated from the unjust government in Iraq. The purpose of this Mémoire is to uncover the various strategies used by the U.S government in its Dualism with Catalonians in Spain and the Kurds in Iraq. Moreover, it will reveal the true interests of the United States in its foreign policy and the hidden reason for its involvement in other nations' local affairs and that is the elimination of any threat of the major Powers to its international status, and the guarantee of the U.S becoming the sole dominant power of the world.Item Iran's nuclear program U.S. fears and respones(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2013) Chibane, Sara Wahida; Filali, BilelThis thesis is an attempt to clear up some basic questions around the iranian nuclear crisis, which is one of the most polarizing issues in one of the world's most volatile regions. The United States and its allies believe Iran is planning to build nuclea rweapons, although Iran's leadership says that its nuclear program is peaceful. At the same time, the Islamic Republic's true intention remains unclear, and unfortunately, time would appear to be on Iran's side. While it seems that there is no accurate option for dealing with this challenge since both sides are stubborn and refused any kind of compromise, Iran poses a grave threat to the american interests and security outside and inside the middle east.Item Islamic contributions to development of the western sciences technologies, and thoughts(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2014) Merad, Fatima Zohra; Filali, BilelThis dissertation investigates the contributions of the Islamic civilisation to the development of the western world. In spite of the fact that most western scholars ignored those contributions such as Bernard Lewis, there were other Islamic and even western intellectual figures who affirmed this reality among them Seyyed Hussein Nasr. As a matter of fact, this research attempts at unveiling the realities behind the controversial ideologies that focus on the idea of the islamic contributions in the building of the western civilization between approval and denial. In order to support this, the research was pursued under a form of comparative study between two prominent figures; a muslim and a Westerner scholar. The latter who criticized the bases of the Islamic civilization and denied the existence of any form of give and take between the two civilizations and Nasr who was successful, to a great extent, in proving the profound role of the islamic contributions to the advancement of western scientific enterprises, through the use of certain historical and scientific evidences.Item Islamophobia in the united states and anti-americanism in the islamic world(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2014) Ghorab, Imen; Filali, BilelThis research investigates the reemergence of the two old phenomena; anti-americanism and islamophobia following 9/11 event in the united states. As a matter of fact, islamophobia as a concept centers around many alternative terms. One might figure out that it is a synonym of anti-muslim, anti-islamism, and racismthat are directed towards every one related to islam. In fact, the antagonism of these three concepts conceptualizes the meaning of Islamophobia as a phenomenon. Turning to anti-americanism, some scholars generally refer to it as an emotional as well as a reactive phenomenon. Undeniably, these two phenomena played very significant roles in drawing negative images in both contexts; America and the islamic world. Indisputably, America could be viewed from a positive angle in many islamic countries.However, many westerners deny the fact of stereotyping muslim as terrorists. Analyzing the American relations with the muslims and vice versa, one may come to the conclusion that these relations are characterized by ambivalent attitudes. Consequently,Islamophobia and Anti-Americanism share certain similarities and differences in which these issues made many thinkers suggest particular ways to deal with such phenomena.Item Islamophobia manifestation in post 9/11 Britain between public and governmental attitudes(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2014) Amrane, Hanene; Filali, BilelAs a result of the tragic 9/11 attacks that hit the united states and 7/7 bombings in London, the locus of racism shifted from ethnic to religious grounds. Unquestionably, world fingers positioned towards muslims who started to be viewed as terrorist, trouble makers, and those responsible for all bad events in the world even if they are not. As a reaction to these events, different governments, including the british, enacted different legislations in order to curb terrorism and control the day-to-day actions of the british muslims. Concerning the british public opinion, it is worthy to note that the influence of the governmental laws and media played a profound role in conceptualizing a negative standpoint among the british. The most important outcome of the severe anti-terrorism, anti-muslim measures is the reemergence as well as the crystallization of Islamophobia. Accordingly, this phenomenon started to take different dimensions and to become more popular.Item Media and the arab spring(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2013) Cherirou, Messaouda; Filali, BilelIn December 2010, the self-immolation of atunisian fruit seller fueled what has come to be known as the arab spring. This term stands for the series of protests that has shaken the existence of the ruling regimes across the arab world mainly the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region. Moreover, the recent years are also characterised by an extraordinary development and advance in ICT therefore in media technologies. For that reason, this dissertation aims to achieve three essential goals. First of all, it tries to figure out the different reasons and results of the arab spring in general and the egyptian Revolution in particular. Second, it also aims at answering the question: what is the role of media in sparking the arab Awakening? Finally and most importantly, this dissertation examines as well as compares and contrasts the coverage of the Facebook Revolution by the popular channels in the world which are aljazeera and CNN to find out in the end that each one's reporting is different from the other since they represent two contradictory views (Arabs vs. Westerners).Item Movie industry, public opinion and the making of foreign policy(university of Oum- El- Bouaghi, 2017) Dabal, Zitouna; Filali, BilelThis dissertation reflects the history of stereotyping process in the American movie industry as the endeavor is to examine the role of movies in affecting the public opinion and shaping the political decision towards the Middle East. Distorted images against the Middle Easterners mainly Muslims are established through different means like books and journals. Motion pictures is also exploited to spread such an image whether directly or indirectly, as visual lens have a tremendous role in affecting the heart and the mind of viewers more than written tools many political messages are screened. The research is based on the selection of two famous movies Syriana (2005) and Body of Lies (2008) as case studies. These films reveal notions of 'otherness' and symbolism which are the basis of ''Modern Orientalism'' that in turn are linked with Islam and terrorism. The Investigation concludes that the Arab-Muslims are portrayed negatively in most American movies, and it is an extension of American ideology that has embedded within imperialistic interests in the Middle East.Item Politics and business 'marriage of convenience'(Larbi Ben M’hidi University-Oum El Bouaghi, 2021) Adoum, Lokman; Filali, BilelThis research aims specifically to examine the intricate relationship between politics and business and the manifestation of this relationship on Donald Trump's political character on the course of his presidency. To establish this study, the research utilises two processes. The first is to analyse the controversial conservative ideology in parallel with authoritarianism and their presence in the American political arena. The second process is an attempt to explore the business/politics intermarriage in the US. Data related to this topic have been collected from webs, articles and books. This research investigates the notion that Donald Trump expertise in business was the reason that made his ascension to power in 2016 possible, as the public believed that it would lead to presidential success. In fact, through analyzing Doland Trump's political character we came to conclude that there is no correlation between business success and presidential success.Item Politics and real politicking(Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2020) Allaoua, Lilia; Bouchair, Hind; Filali, BilelThe present research purports to unveil realities over the real reasons behind the only repealed amendment in the United States constitution; the eighteenth amendment which is known as the Prohibition amendment as well. In addition to investigating prohibition and its effects, impact and consequences, the research examines the nature of the shared relations between Germany and the United States before, during and following WWI and its ambivalent characteristics. The analysis of WWI, the participation of Germany and the American late entry and the growing anti German sentiments in the United States suggests that the physical, moral, and economic benefits of prohibition and the pressures put by different organizations as the Anti Saloon League on the government were not strong enough to pass the amendment. The latter was passed to transform the anti German sentiments into more applicable measures that aimed at canceling the Germans dominance of breweries industry and marginalizing the German-Americans from the American social, cultural, and economic sceneItem Presidential Impeachment in U.S History(University Of Oum El Bouaghi, 2019) Boucherk, Sabrina; Filali, BilelThe process of Impeachmentis an importantaspectof democracy. It is an effective tool againstcorruptionand isusedtokeepofficials undercheck.Impeachmentisa defining featureof theAmerican democracy.Itwaspresentinmanypoliticalissues throughoutthe American historyand especiallywith the recentcontroversiessurrounding thelegitimacyof DonaldTrumptohold post.Theoverallaim of thisresearchis toadvanceunderstanding of the process of impeachment. This research is dividedinto fourchaptersthatrelyon the historicalapproachand theanalyticalapproach.Thefirstchapteraims to evaluate,through literature review, the meaning, types and history of the process of impeachment. The secondchapteraimsto analysethecaseagainstAndrewJohnsonandhis impeachment.The thirdchapteranalysesthecaseagainstBillClinton.The fourth onecompares between the impeachable offences of AndrewJohnson/ BillClintonand Donald Trump. The researchaims toformulate thatimpeachmentisanimportantstrategy neededindemocracy.Oneshould note thatconductinga researchover the possibleimpeachmentofPresidentTrumpand historicalcontexts of Johnson/Clintonimpeachments cannot beattainedeasily.Item Reagan's administrations(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2014) Zellache, Mohamed; Filali, BilelThis research examines american foreign policy towards the Soviet Union in the 1980's and seeks to determine Ronald Reagan's relationship to the guiding principles of this policy in its formulation and execution. More, the research proposes that America's strategy towards the U.S.S.R during this period could be encompassed by the result of the study of what is known as "The Reagan Doctrine." The result analyzes Reagan Doctrine that is considered as the multi-disciplinary fields of international relations, and presidential and diplomatic history, and provides a perspective on both the Reagan presidency, and the end of the Cold War. Reagan's policy during the 1980's was based on the need to restore military parity with the Soviets. This research highlights larger issues related to the role of public opinion and support in the formation of american foreign policy. As the first intervention since America's defeat in Vietnam, the Grenada intervention comes at a particularly tentative time in U.S. foreign policy.Item The Algerian american founding fathers : dimensions of post revolutionary wars(university of Oum El Bouaghi, 2015) Azeb, Amina; Filali, BilelFollowing its independence, any nation would be exposed to huge devastation and disastrous political, economic and social situations; generally the post-revolutionary period is an era that is characterized by conflicts and disagreements between the leaders of that nation. Algeria and the United States of America are two republics that represent good examples of these conflicts, this dissertation investigates the natures and dimensions of the post-independence conflicts in both countries; analyzing the struggles over determining the orientations and the futures of both as newly independent countries. After independence, the algerians failed to agree about the appropriate person to lead the nation, peaceful oppositions were made in addition to the military confrontations between the leaders and also the army; their main concerns were about reaching presidency and controlling all the reins of power. Whereas the americans differed about the political and economic systems that their nation would behold; the national patriots were split between two main political factions, each preferred and supported different theories.Item The American foreign policy 1890-1920 from isolationism to an exceptional imperial statut(university of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 2013) Hariza, Ilyes; Filali, BilelThis work aims at studying american foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteen century and the beginning of the twentieth century and the impacts of internal and external powers in its formulation .it aims at providing the necessary information to understand the nature of the american foreign reaction an policies . including the economic and capitalist. Alternative theories- including Marxist theories amongst others . Also it shows the illusion of American “exceptionalism” which was a unique form of imperialism, different from the classical methods carried out by earlier metropoles, namely Britain during the 19th century.moreover, it attempts to show how societies can be dominated indirectly through the use of the technology and the modernity as means to propagate the american values and to influence the cultures of other foreign communities.Item The American French struggle over the african continent(university of Oum- El- Bouaghi, 2017) Lamraoui, Meriem Sarah; Filali, BilelThe Black continent wasdiscovered in the 14th century by differenteuropean traders and explorers the thingthatledinto the establishement of a series of different colonies in the region. Africa'swealthattracted the europeanimperialpowers, thusleading to a harshscramble over the naturalresources. Consequently the continent has been divided, the rawmaterialsweregrabbed, the local inhabitantswereignored,andmurdered. This was the first harshscramble made for the continent, althoughtgainingindependancefrom the colonizer, the content sufferedfrominternalconflictsthatwereleftbecause of the colonialism, a new scramble over the black continent came. This time between France and a new playerthatis The United States of Amercia. A new chapter of dividingAfricanresources have started, For thisaimAfrica'sbiggestcoutries Soudan created a ground for thisscramble, because of itspoliticalweaknesses, thatcreated an oppurtunity for new exploiatation. Through a descriptive and analyticalapproachthisstudyaims to define a kind of a relationshipthatboth France and The United States of Americahadthroughyearswith the black continent , thiswas made with the practice on the country of Sudan, the most important thingthatthisstudyaims to fulfill, isshowingthatthereis a hidden new scramble over the African continent, precisely on Soudan between the two main powers France and The United States of America.Item The American preventive strike implementation(university of Oum El Bouaghi, 2016) Kherraz, Marwa; Filali, BilelFollowing the 9/11 attacks on the United States of America, a new american national security strategy was released by President George W. Bush, whereby he articulated a new policy of defense namely "the preventive policy". Many scholars and political analysts believe that this reconditioning is a result of the inability of the Cold War policies of containment and deterrence to face the new emerging kinds of threats such as terrorist organizations and "Rogue States". This new strategy of defense was designed to remove an enemy's capability before it can be used against America, so it is a precautious tactic whereby America attacks first. The outcomes of such a tactic appear through the American success in carrying the war outside its territories to the enemy's territories. However, this military success did not start just after the emergence of the Bush Doctrine; rather it existed as early as the 1890s, the period that marked the formulation of America's foreign policy. The present research then, aims at revising the american history throughout selected early conflicts from the 19th century, and others from the 21st century in order to unveil the secret behind America's policy implementation to come to the conclusion that the preventive strike policy was implemented indirectly, thus it is as old as the American history itself, and it continue to exist till the present day.