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Chemical kinetics and homogeneous catalysis
(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2026) Mecheri, Ghania
Chemical kineticsis the study of reaction rates and the factorsthat influence them, includingtemperature, pressure, catalysts, and radiation. It alsoexplains the step- by-stepmechanismsbehindthose rates. By learning how reaction rates can becontrolled, chemists can makeprocesses more efficient. To describe a reaction'sprogresstowarditsproducts, researchers combine mathematical and chemicalapproaches to buildequations. Chemical kinetics has broad applications in bothnatural and industrialprocesses, whilecatalytickineticsisfundamental to industrial production, environmentalsafety, and technologicaladvances.
This course giveslearners a thoroughgrasp of the subject of chemicalkineticsand homogeneouscatalysis. It covers the followingareas:
- Fundamental concepts:the basic principles of kinetics, includinghow reaction rates are determined and whichfactorsinfluence that rate.
- Ratelaws and reactionorder:whatreactionordermeansand how to derive rate laws.
- Complexreactions:recognize and identifyvarious types of complexchemicalreactions.
- Homogeneouscatalysis:how thesecatalysts alter activation energy.
- Evaluation: the advantages, drawbacks, and environmental impact of homogeneouscatalyticsystems.
Littérature Maghrébine Francophone
(Université d’Oum El Bouaghi, 2026) Zeghib, Nardjas
Cartographie 1
(Université d’Oum El Bouaghi, 2026) Abda, Assia
Ce support pédagogiqueest destiné aux étudiants de 2ème année Licence Génie urbain de l'Institut de Gestion des techniques urbaines (Université Larbi Ben M'hidi – Oum El Bouaghi), dans le cadre de la matière « Cartographie 1 » (semestre 3, UE Méthodologies 3).Il vise à permettre aux étudiants d'acquérir des connaissances théoriques et techniques en cartographie et à lui faire concevoir l'expression graphique comme un langage doté de ses lois, de ses structures et de son esthétique. Le contenu est organisé en dix cours progressifs.
Le premier cours définit la cartographie selon l'Association Cartographique Internationale (1966), à la fois science et art, et retrace son évolution : des tablettes babyloniennes et de la Tabula Rogeriana d'Al-Idrisi à la projection de Mercator et à la carte de Cassini, jusqu'aux SIG et à OpenStreetMap. Il présente aussi les étapes d'élaboration d'une carte, les projections (conformes, équivalentes, aphylactiques) et les outils. Le deuxième cours classe les cartes selon l'échelle, le contenu (topographiques, thématiques), la fonction et le type de données (qualitatives ou quantitatives, ponctuelles, linéaires ou surfaciques, statiques ou temporelles).
Le troisième cours détaille les six composantes de l'habillage : titre (Quoi ? Où ? Quand ?), légende, échelle, orientation, cadre et source, et propose une méthode de lecture en six étapes. Le quatrième cours est consacré à l'échelle : définition mathématique, paradoxe grande/petite échelle, échelles numérique, graphique et verbale, formules de conversion des distances et exercices corrigés, y compris le calcul des surfaces.
Le cinquième cours traite de la généralisation cartographique et de ses six opérations : simplification, élimination, agrégation, typification, exagération et déplacement, ainsi que des règles toponymiques et de hiérarchie de l'information. Le sixième cours introduit la sémiologie graphique de Jacques Bertin (1967), les trois types d'implantation (ponctuelle, linéaire, surfacique) et les quatre niveaux de mesure de Stevens (nominal, ordinal, intervalle, ratio). Le septième cours analyse les sept variables visuelles (taille, valeur, couleur, grain, orientation, forme, position), leurs propriétés perceptives (sélectivité, associativité, ordre, quantitativité) et les trois niveaux de lecture.
Les cours huit et neuf appliquent ces principes : couleur ou forme pour les données nominales, valeur ou taille pour les données ordinales, avec les méthodes de discrétisation (quantiles, intervalles égaux, seuils naturels de Jenks, écart-type) ; cercles proportionnels, dont la surface – et non le rayon – est proportionnelle à la valeur, pour les valeurs absolues, et carte choroplèthe pour les valeurs relatives, complétées par les histogrammes cartographiques, les cartes de flux et les isoplèthes. Le dixième cours propose un projet de réalisation d'une carte complète, une méthode de commentaire cartographique et des questions de révision pour l'auto-évaluation.
Remote sensing
(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2026) Serradj, Mohamed Lyes
This handbook presents the scientific foundations of remote sensing and their application to urban techniques management, for second-year Licence students with an introductory background in geography, physics and cartography. It defines remote sensing as obtaining information about a surface without physical contact, traces its history from balloon photography to Landsat-1 in 1972 and cloud platforms, and sets out the seven-element acquisition chain from energy source to application. That chain rests on physical principles: electromagnetic radiation, the spectrum, interactions with matter and the atmosphere, and the black-body laws. These lead to the spectral signature, which makes surfaces distinguishable.
Building on these principles, the handbook turns to instruments and data. Platforms (ground, aerial, drone, satellite), orbits (geostationary, sun-synchronous) and passive or active sensors, including radar and LiDAR, determine what can be observed. Each sensor is described by four resolutions, spatial, spectral, temporal and radiometric, which cannot all be maximised at once, so selection starts from the question to be answered. Chapter 5 compares the main systems: the free Landsat and Sentinel missions, the very-high-resolution commercial SPOT, IKONOS and Pléiades, and the daily-coverage MODIS. It recommends a two-tier strategy combining free medium-resolution data with very-high-resolution data for detail.
The third part forms the digital core of the course. An image is a raster of pixels holding digital numbers, calibrated to reflectance and displayed as true- or false-colour composites. It is then processed through geometric correction, georeferencing and radiometric and atmospheric correction, improved with filters, and distilled into spectral indices: NDVI for vegetation, NDBI for built-up areas and NDWI for water. The image becomes a thematic map through unsupervised or supervised classification (Maximum Likelihood, Random Forest, SVM) or object-based analysis (OBIA), and its accuracy is always assessed with the confusion matrix, overall accuracy and the kappa coefficient.
Finally, these tools are applied to urban questions: land cover, urban sprawl, green-space inventory, heat islands, change detection and hazards such as floods and ground deformation. Their value is fully realised through GIS integration in a six-step workflow (acquire, pre-process, analyse, validate, integrate, produce), applied in the Constantine case study using two Landsat scenes from 2000 and 2020 and free software such as QGIS and SNAP. The handbook closes with current trends (open data, Google Earth Engine, deep learning, drones) and with the need for honesty about uncertainty, methodological transparency and respect for privacy: reliability depends on the whole chain, from photon to policy.
Initiation to remote sensing
(University of Oum El Bouaghi, 2026) Djakjak, Abderraziq
This pedagogical handout presents a structured introduction to remote sensing and its applications in urban and territorial management. Remote sensing is defined as the measurement of Earth-surface properties from a distance using electromagnetic radiation. The handout follows the full measurement chain: energy source, atmospheric propagation, target interaction, sensing, preprocessing, interpretation and decision-making. It explains the physical basis of electromagnetic radiation, the spectrum, Planck’s and Wien’s laws, atmospheric scattering, absorption and transmission windows. Platforms, passive and active sensors, satellite orbits, and the four key resolutions—spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal—are compared, with emphasis on their trade-offs. The spectral behaviour of vegetation, water and soil is used to explain indices such as NDVI, NDWI and NDBI, as well as radiometric, atmospheric and geometric correction, image enhancement and colour composites. The document introduces supervised and unsupervised classification, accuracy assessment through confusion matrices, and the integration of raster results with GIS. It also covers change detection, radar and SAR interferometry, LiDAR and elevation models, thermal and hyperspectral sensing. Practical tutorials using QGIS, ENVI and ArcGIS connect theory to reproducible workflows. Case studies show how remote sensing can monitor urban expansion, map floods, analyse urban heat islands and assess crops. The central message is that reliable planning evidence requires appropriate sensor selection, field validation, independent training and reference data, documented image provenance, and honest reporting of accuracy and limitations.